Feeding of piscivorous fish before and after the filling of the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Paraná State, Brazil

Abstract

This study investigated the feeding patterns of piscivorous fish before and after the filling of Salto Caxias Reservoir, Paraná State, Brazil. Specifically, it was determined if the diet of Hoplias malabaricus, Oligosarcus longirostris, Rhamdia branneri and Rhamdia voulezi altered according to prey availability. Fish were sampled monthly from March 1997 to February 1998 (pre-impoundment period) and from March 2000 to February 2001 (post-impoundment period) within the reservoir. Stomach contents of 549 individuals were analyzed and the diet was described as occurrence and volumetric percentage of each item combined in a feeding index. The piscivorous habit was, overall, more evident in H. malabaricus, O. longirostris and R. voulezi. However, for R. branneri mollusks and crabs were more important than fish. After the impoundment, most consumed prey was Astyanax sp. b and Cyphocharax modestus for three of the predators. These prey species were more abundant after the impoundment. Then, there are evidences that the availability, abundance and vulnerability of prey in the reservoir environment are the most important factors influencing predator’s choice.