Thematic Report on Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Summary for Policymakers

Abstract

Abstract Brazil stands out globally for its agricultural production – of high importance for the country’s economy – and for its immense biodiversity – an invaluable natural capital. Reconciling agriculture with the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is one of the country’s biggest challenges. Aiming to contribute to filling knowledge gaps on this topic, the Thematic Report on Agriculture, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services was elaborated by 100 experts from different areas of knowledge and with experience across all Brazilian biomes. Here, we present the English version of the report’s Summary for Policymakers (SPM), with the aim of supporting decision-makers and public policies in Brazil. The SPM starts with the discussion of the relationships between agriculture, biodiversity and ecosystem services that, when respected, ensure sustainable use of natural resources. Knowledge and practices of traditional peoples and communities contribute to the balance between use and conservation of natural resources and require greater appreciation. The SPM continues with an overview on the effects of inadequate land use patterns that led to environmental liabilities in the country that, if not recovered or compensated for, will compromise agricultural production and quality of life in Brazil. In the next section, the results from models and scenarios for land use and occupation are presented and their strategic importance for territorial planning and decision-making processes is discussed. Further, the SPM addresses strategies of land management that promote the conservation of biodiversity as well as the potential for improved market mechanisms for sustainable agriculture and large-scale restoration that can contribute to the preservation of natural capital and to the provision of ecosystem services. This is complemented by the presentation of advances in technologies, innovation and economic incentives that help to reconcile agriculture, biodiversity and ecosystem services. Finally, strategies for a better governance of agriculture, biodiversity and ecosystem services are discussed, focusing on the need for integrated, transparent, inclusive and synergistic governance. Brazil has the potential to be a global model of truly sustainable agriculture, with productivity gains, conservation of socio-biodiversity and maintenance of ecosystem services and human well-being. This SPM presents ways to take advantage of this great opportunity.