Composition and diversity of medium and large size mammals in the Cerrado of central Brazil

Abstract

Composition and diversity of medium and large size mammals in the Cerrado of central Brazil. Studies about medium- and large sized mammals (> 1.0 kg) in disturbed areas in the Cerrado showed that many species are adapted to anthropogenic environments. We investigated the structure of mammals assemblages in an area of 92,000 ha located in southwest of Bahia and covered by plantations of Pinus spp., soybeans and conserved strips of cerrado sensu stricto. The mammals were recorded in nine sampling campaigns of 12 days between January/2008 and May/2009 in diurnal and nocturnal transects that varied 5-15 km in length per campaigns totaling 3,600 km traveled/period. In this area 29 species were recorded, 23 through the line transect and others outside transect by indirect observation, capture and previous records. The mammal community consists mostly of representatives of the Carnivora (41.4%) and omnivore species (36.7%). The only endemic species of Cerrado recorded in the area was hoary fox, Lycalopex vetulus. Only 13.6% of species were present in all sampling (Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Pecari tajacu and Tolypeutes tricinctus) and seven of which correspond to 91.73% of the records made. The species that had largest number of records (23.76%) is three-banded armadillo (T. tricinctus), probably this area holds the largest population of this endangered species in biome, highlighting the importance of avoiding areas of native vegetation are replaced by monocultures and reforestation. Many of the species recorded are generalists in habitat use and widely distributed throughout the biome, occurring even in disturbed habitats. The maintaining of observed diversity in this area is due to its large size and the mosaic of environments that provide a greater variety and diversity of resources such as shelter and food, allowing also the presence of species with low densities and specialists in the diet and habitat.