Drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Cantareira System Protected Area: A prospective analysis of the implementation of public policies

Authors

  • Viviane Dib Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5457-5983
  • Marco Aurélio Nalon Secretaria de Infraestrutura e Meio ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, Instituto Florestal
  • Nino Tavares Amazonas Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas
  • Cristina Yuri Vidal Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento. de Ciências Biológicas
  • Iván A. Ortiz-Rodríguez Scuola Normale Superiore
  • Jan Daněk Czech Academy of Sciences, Global Change Research Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2445-7614
  • Maíra Formis de Oliveira Estado de São Paulo, Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento
  • Paola Alberti Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Instituto de Biodiversidad Neotropical
  • Rafaela Aparecida da Silva Universidade Federal de Goiás, Departamento de Ecologia
  • Raíza Salomão Precinoto Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9711-9838
  • Taciana Figueiredo Gomes Universidade de São Paulo, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5433-0951

Keywords:

Biodiversity, Ecosystem services, Scenarios, Modeling, Cantareira System Protected Area, GLOBIO, InVEST

Abstract

Abstract: The lack of implementation of well-designed public policies aimed at the conservation of natural ecosystems has resulted, at a global level, in the decline of ecosystem functioning and, consequently, of the contributions they make to people. The poor enforcement of important environmental legislation in Brazil - for instance, the “Atlantic Forest Law” (Law n.11.428/2006) and the “Forest Code” (Law n.12.651/2012) - could compromise the overall maintenance of ecosystems and the services they provide. To explore the implications of different levels of federal laws’ enforcement within the Cantareira System Protected Area (PA) - a PA in southeastern Brazil that provides fresh water for 47% of the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area -, we developed a conceptual framework to identify indirect and direct drives of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. We also projected four land-use scenarios to 2050 to test the effects of deforestation control and forest restoration practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services maintenance: the “business-as-usual” scenario (BAU), which assumes that all trends in land-use cover changes observed in the past will continue in the future, and three alternative exploratory scenarios considering the Atlantic Forest Law implementation, the partial implementation of the Forest Code and the full implementation of the Forest Code. Using the land-use maps generated for each scenario, we assessed the impacts of land-use changes on biodiversity conservation and soil retention. Our results revealed all alternative scenarios could increase biodiversity conservation (by 7%; 12%; and 12%, respectively), reduce soil loss (by 24.70%; 34.70%; and 38.12%, respectively) and sediment exportation to water (by 27.47%; 55.06%; and 59.28%, respectively), when compared to the BAU scenario. Our findings highlight the importance of restoring and conserving native vegetation for the maintenance and improvement of biodiversity conservation and for the provision of ecosystem services.

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Published

2020-01-01

How to Cite

Dib, V., Nalon, M. A., Amazonas, N. T., Vidal, C. Y., Ortiz-Rodríguez, I. A., Daněk, J., Oliveira, M. F. de, Alberti, P., Silva, R. A. da, Precinoto, R. S., & Gomes, T. F. (2020). Drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystem services in the Cantareira System Protected Area: A prospective analysis of the implementation of public policies. Biota Neotropica, 20(1). Retrieved from //www.biotaneotropica.org.br/BN/article/view/1719

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