Ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) attracted to underground traps in Atlantic Forest

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the composition of ant fauna that forage below the soil surface of the Atlantic Forest areas in advanced stage of regeneration. Two similar areas regarding the soil's abiotic characteristics were studied; one in the Serra do Mar and the other in the Serra do Itapeti formations, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Twenty sets of three subterranean traps containing attractive baits were distributed every two months in each area, placed in 30 cm deep holes 20 m equidistant from each other. The traps remained in field for 24 hours. A total of seven subfamilies, 16 genera and 42 morphospecies/species were recorded. Three of these species, Acanthostichus quadratus, Labidus coecus and L. mars can be considered cryptobiotic. The observed richness does not differ through the sampling months and communities are similar regardless of season. There was a record of a new species of the genus Megalomyrmex, and some taxa usually not collected as Acanthostichus. The results demonstrate the importance of studies on the fauna that forages below the soil surface to the taxonomy, given the potential to reveal new and rarely sampled species.