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Checklist of mammals from Goiás, central Brazil

Lista de Mamíferos de Goiás, Brasil central

Abstract:

The state of Goiás, in central Brazil, is covered mainly by the Cerrado domain, with the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest occupying its central-southern portion. Goiás is one of the 20 Brazilian federative units without a mammal checklist. In this study, we provide the first checklist of mammals from Goiás state. We recorded mammal species based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections as well as on literature with associated voucher material. We listed 191 mammalian species belonging to 125 genera, 31 families and 10 orders, which represents 25.2% of the mammal species occurring in Brazil. The most speciose orders were Chiroptera (90 spp.), followed by Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) and Didelphimorphia (17 spp.). The following orders accounted for a smaller portion of the state diversity: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.), and Perissodactyla (1 sp.). A total of 28 species (14.7%), mainly represented by medium and large-sized mammals, are nationally threatened while 12 (6.3%) are globally threatened. Our results indicate great portions of the state lacking a proper survey of mammals, especially the northwestern portion. We discuss species richness, distribution and conservation status of the mammals of Goiás state in national and regional scenarios. We highlight the need for mammal inventories based on complementary survey techniques with the collection of vouchers in order to provide karyologic, molecular, morphologic, parasitologic, and ecological data. These informations are the basis for integrative studies that lead to the understanding of current mammalian richness and diversity. Indeed, knowledge on species richness distribution in the state will guide conservation strategies, especially in areas undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation, such as the central-southern portion of Goiás.

Keywords:
Atlantic Forest; Bats; Cerrado; Inventory; Large mammals; Small non-volant mammals

Resumo:

O estado de Goiás, no Brasil central, é coberto principalmente pelo domínio do Cerrado, com a Mata Atlântica do Alto Paraná ocupando sua porção centro-sul. Goiás é uma das 20 unidades federativas brasileiras que ainda não possui uma lista de espécies de mamíferos. Neste estudo, apresentamos a primeira lista de mamíferos para o estado. Registramos as espécies de mamíferos com base principalmente na análise de espécimes depositados em coleções científicas, bem como na literatura apresentando material testemunho associado. Listamos 191 espécies pertencentes a 125 gêneros, 31 famílias e 10 ordens, as quais representam 25,2% das espécies de mamíferos que ocorrem no Brasil. As ordens mais especiosas foram Chiroptera (90 spp.), seguida pelas ordens Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.) e Didelphimorphia (17 spp.), com as demais ordens respondendo por uma porção menor da diversidade: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.) e Perissodactyla (1 sp.). Um total de 28 espécies (14,7%), principalmente representadas por mamíferos de médio e grande porte, estão ameaçadas nacionalmente e 12 (6,3%) encontram-se globalmente ameaçadas. Nossos resultados indicaram grandes porções do estado ainda não devidamente pesquisadas em relação aos seus mamíferos, com informações escassas e fragmentadas, principalmente no que diz respeito à sua porção noroeste. Discutimos a riqueza de espécies, a distribuição e o estado de conservação dos mamíferos do estado de Goiás nos cenários nacional e regional. Ressaltamos a importância da realização de inventários que utilizem técnicas complementares de amostragem, incluindo a coleta de material testemunho, proporcionando a obtenção de dados cariotípicos, moleculares, morfológicos, parasitológicos e ecológicos. Estas informações são a base de estudos integrativos, os quais aumentam nossa compreensão a respeito da riqueza e diversidade atual dos mamíferos. O conhecimento a respeito da distribuição da riqueza de espécies em Goiás é essencial para embasar estratégias de conservação, tão necessárias em áreas que vem sofrendo com a perda e fragmentação de seus hábitats naturais, como a porção centro-sul do estado.

Palavras-chave:
Cerrado; Inventário; Mamíferos de médio e grande porte; Mata Atlântica; Morcegos; Pequenos mamíferos não voadores

Introduction

The number of mammalian species has increased through time; currently, more than 6,400 species are recognized worldwide, with the Neotropics considered as the third most species-dense biogeographic region (Burgin et al. 2018BURGIN, C.J., COLELLA, J.P., KAHN, P.L. & UPHAM, N.S. 2018. How many species of mammals are there? J. Mammal. 99:1-14.; 2019BURGIN, C.J., COLELLA, J.P,. KAHN, P.L. & UPHAM, N.S. 2019. Corrigendum: How many species of mammals are there? J. Mammal. 100:615.). Within this region, Brazil is the richest country, which might be related to its large area and environmental heterogeneity (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). This diverse country holds 759 native species, distributed in 249 genera, 51 families and 11 orders (Abreu et al. 2020ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
; Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.).

Although there is an enormous potential to describe new species [e.g., many have been recently surveyed, while many groups need taxonomic reviews (Gonçalves & Oliveira 2014GONÇALVES, P.R. & OLIVEIRA, J. 2014. An integrative appraisal of the diversification in the Atlantic forest genus Delomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) with the discription of a new species. Zootaxa 3760 (1):1-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3760.1.1
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3760....
; Nascimento & Feijó 2017NASCIMENTO, F.O. & FEIJÓ, A. 2017. Taxonomic revision of the tigrina Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) species group (Carnivora, Felidae). Pap. Avulsos Zool. 57(19):231-264. https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017.57.19
https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2017....
; Bezerra et al. 2020BEZERRA, A.M.R., CASTIGLIA, R., PEREIRA, L.G., MOREIRA, J.C. & BONVICINO, C.R. 2020. Molecular systematics of the genus Necromys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) reveals two cryptic and syntopic species in western Cerrado of Brazil. Zool. Anz. 285:147-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.02.007
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.02.00...
)] and a great field for research on their ecology, biogeography, and population genetics, among others, we are facing an unfavorable scenario for conservation biology in the country (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). The Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains harbor a high mammalian diversity and endemism (Paglia et al. 2012PAGLIA, A.P. ET AL. 2012. Lista anotada dos mamíferos do Brasil. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology.; Gutiérrez & Marinho-Filho 2017GUTIÉRREZ, E.E., & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2017. The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. ZooKeys 2017:105-157.; Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.), and have been severely threatened by anthropogenic impacts, moreover were listed, among only 34 other regions, as biodiversity hotspots for the world conservation (Myers et al. 2000MYERS, N., MITTERMEIER, R.A., MITTERMEIER, C.G., FONSECA, G.A.B. & KENT, J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.; Mittermeier et al. 2004MITTERMEIER, R.A., GIL, P.R., HOFFMANN, M., PILGRIM, J., BROOKS, T., MITTERMEIER, C.G., LAMOREUX, J. & FONSERCA, G.A.B. 2004. Hotspots revisited. CEMEX.). More than 80% of the remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are smaller than 50 ha (Ribeiro et al. 2009RIBEIRO, M.C., METZGER, J P., MARTENSEN, A.C., PONZONI, F.J. & HIROTA, M.M. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biol. Conserv. 142:1141-1153.), and for the Cerrado, more than 50% of its original area (approximately 2 million km2) have been converted into pasture and agricultural areas (Klink & Machado 2005KLINK, C.A. & MACHADO, R.B. 2005. Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conserv. Biol. 19:707-713.; Strassburg et al. 2017STRASSBURG, B.B.N. ET AL. 2017. Moment of truth for the Cerrado hotspot. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1:0099.).

Considering the large Brazilian territory, its environmental heterogeneity and conservation status, currently only seven federative units have checklists of mammals available: Amapá (Silva et al. 2013SILVA, C. R. ET AL. 2013. Mammals of Amapá State, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia: A revised taxonomic list with comments on species distributions. Mammalia 77:409-424.), Espírito Santo (Moreira et al. 2008MOREIRA, D.D.O., COUTINHO, B.R. & MENDES, S.L. 2008. Current state of knowledge on Espírito Santo mammals based on museum records and published data. Biota Neotrop. 8:163-173. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n2/en/abstract?thematic-review+bn02108022008.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v8n2/e...
), Mato Grosso (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.), Mato Grosso do Sul (Cáceres et al. 2008CÁCERES, N.C., CASELLA, J., VARGAS, C.F., PRATES, L.Z., TOMBINI, A.A.M., GOULART, C.S. & LOPES, W.H. 2008. Distribuição geográfica de pequenos mamíferos não voadores nas bacias dos rios Araguaia e Paraná, região centro-sul do Brasil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., 98 (2): 173-180.; Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.), Santa Catarina (Cherem et al. 2004CHEREM, J., SIMÕES-LOPES, P., ALTHOFF, S.L. & GRAIPEL, M.E. 2004. Lista dos mamíferos do estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. Mastozool. Neotrop. 11:151-184.), São Paulo (Vivo 1998VIVO, M. 1998. Diversidade de mamíferos no Estado de São Paulo. Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo (R. M. Castro, ed). FAPESP, São Paulo.; Vivo et al. 2011VIVO, M. ET AL. 2011. Checklist dos mamíferos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11:0-21. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?i nventory+bn0071101a2011.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a...
), and Rio de Janeiro (Rocha et al. 2004ROCHA, C.F.D. ET AL. 2004. Fauna de anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Publ. Avulsas Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 104:3-23.). A checklist is the first step in order to plan inventories, conduct biogeographic and systematic studies, and develop conservation actions; thus, a review of the mammal records for each Brazilian state is warranted (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.). In this study, we provide the first checklist of mammals from Goiás state, with comments on their distribution and conservation.

Material and Methods

1. Study site

The state of Goiás is located in central Brazil (12° to 19° S, 46° to 53° W) and is represented by two ecoregions: Cerrado and Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest (Dinerstein et al. 2017DINERSTEIN, E. ET AL. 2017. An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. BioScience 67:534-545.) (Figure 1). Goiás has the seventh largest territorial extension among the 27 federative units in the country, with approximately 340,106 km2 (IMB 2020IMB. 2020. Instituto Mauro Borges de Estatística e Estudos Socioeconômicos. 2016. IMB. <https://www.imb.go.gov.br/sobre-goias.html> (7 June 2020).
https://www.imb.go.gov.br/sobre-goias.ht...
), representing 4% of the national territory. It is almost entirely characterized by the Cerrado domain, with its remnants being severely fragmented mainly by cattle ranching and agriculture activities (Prado et al. 2012PRADO, L.A., MIZIARA, F. & FERREIRA, M.E. 2012. Expansão da fronteira agrícola e mudanças no uso do solo na região sul de Goiás: ação antrópica e características naturais do espaço. Bol. Goia. Geogr. 32(1):151-162. https://doi.org/10.5216/bgg.v32i1.18962.
https://doi.org/10.5216/bgg.v32i1.18962...
), as well as other threats such as hydroelectric dams and mining (Melo & Soares 2005).

Figure 1
Map of Goiás state in central Brazil. Sampling points for mammalian species according to records listed in Table 1 (see Supplementary Material S1 for access to the references and coordinates). Ecoregions and rivers (adapted from Dinerstein et al. 2017DINERSTEIN, E. ET AL. 2017. An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. BioScience 67:534-545.). Black lines indicate the political geographic boundaries.

The Brazilian savanna is composed of a continuous mosaic represented by different phytophysiognomies ranging from grasslands to closed canopy forests (Eiten 1972EITEN, G. 1972. The cerrado vegetation of Brazil. Bot. Rev. 38:201-341.). However, the distribution of these phytophysiognomies throughout the domain is not equitable (e.g., while gallery forests represent only 5% of the total area of the Cerrado, the stricto sensu cerrados cover about 70% of the landscape) (Ribeiro et al. 1998RIBEIRO, J.F., WALTER, B.M.T., SANO, S.M. & ALMEIDA, S.D. 1998. Fitofisionomias do Cerrado. In Cerrado: Ambiente e flora (S.M. Sano & S.P. Almeida, eds). Embrapa-CPAC, Planaltina, p.89-166.; Oliveira et al. 2017OLIVEIRA, H.F.M., DE CAMARGO, N.F., GAGER, Y. & AGUIAR, L.M.S. 2017. The response of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) to habitat modification in a Neotropical Savannah. Trop. Conser. Sci. 10:1-14.). The Cerrado in Goiás also ranges through a great elevational gradient, from valleys and depressions mainly located at its western portion at the Araguaia river margins, to highlands located at the Brazilian Central Plateau in its central and eastern portions (Cardoso & Marcuzzo 2014CARDOSO, M.R.D., & MARCUZZO, F.F.N. 2014. Classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger para o estado de Goiás e o Distrito Federal. ACTA Geográfica 8 (16): 40-55.). The Chapada dos Veadeiros and Serra Geral do Paranã, at its northeastern border, are the most elevated regions, ranging from 800 to 1,700 meters high (NASA 2002NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Estados Unidos, 2002. Disponível em: <http://www.asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov>. Acesso em: 4 de julho de 2010.
http://www.asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov...
). Three main hydrographic basins delimit and cross the Cerrado in Goiás: the Araguaia at west, Tocantins at central, and São Francisco at its eastern border. The other ecoregion, the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest, is represented by forest patches in its central-southern portion (Figure 1), mainly located at river margins and valleys of the Paraná hydrographic basin, also at the Brazilian Central Plateau slopes (RADAMBRASIL 1982RADAMBRASIL. 1982. Projeto RadamBrasil - levantamento de recursos naturais. Vol. 29. Folha SD. 23 Brasília. Ministério das Minas e Energia, DNPM. Rio de Janeiro.). Goiás climate is classified as Köppen’s Aw - tropical with dry winters (Setzer 1966SETZER, J. 1966. Atlas Climático e Ecológico do Estado de São Paulo. Comissão Interestadual da Bacia Paraná-Uruguai. 61p.). The mean annual temperature is around 23oC, and the mean annual pluviosity around 1,500 mm. However, the temperature and rainfall regime define two distinct seasons: the hot and wet season during the months of October to April, with temperatures around 26-27oC, concentrating 85% of the rainfall; and the cold and dry season, ranging from May to September, with a total pluviosity around 200 mm, and mean temperatures around 21oC (Cardoso & Marcuzzo 2014CARDOSO, M.R.D., & MARCUZZO, F.F.N. 2014. Classificação climática de Köppen-Geiger para o estado de Goiás e o Distrito Federal. ACTA Geográfica 8 (16): 40-55.).

These environmental features, together with the climatic fluctuations during the Tertiary and Quaternary periods, have shaped the biogeography and evolutionary history of the Cerrado, leading to the great biodiversity and endemism currently found, with the neighboring forested domains playing a major role (Da Silva & Bates 2002SILVA, J.M.C. & BATES, J.M. 2002. Biogeographics patterns and coservation in the South American Cerrado: A tropical savanna hotspot. BioScience 52:225-233.; Werneck 2011).

2. Data collection

We recorded mammal species based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in mammalian scientific collections: American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA (AMNH); Laboratório de Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Goiás, Brazil (CJ); Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (LBCE); Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MN); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP); Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil (UnB, CMVUNB [Coleção de Mamíferos Voadores da Universidade de Brasília]); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG); Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil (UFPB). We tried to include at least one voucher per species to attest the presence of each taxon in the state (see Table 1).

Table 1
Checklist of mammals from Goiás state, Brazil. Records are based primarily on the analysis of specimens housed in scientific collections (numbers between brackets) and on literature with associated voucher material (numbered citations). Conservation statuses are based on the Brazilian and international red lists of threatened species (ICMBio/MMA 2018 and IUCN 2020, respectively). Acronyms for conservation status categories: DD = data deficient, EN = endangered, NT = near threatened, P/R = pending (re)evaluation, VU = vulnerable. For scientific collections acronyms, please see Material and Methods

We also searched for articles about mammals from Goiás in the following databases: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo, www.scielo.org), Web of Science (WoS, http://portal.isiknowledge.com), Scopus® (www.scopus.com) and Periódicos CAPES (http://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br/). The combination of the keywords “Goiás AND mammals”, “Cerrado AND mammals”, “savanna AND mammals” were used. We also used the database of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of the Brazilian Institute of Sciences and Technology (BDTD 2020BDTD. 2020. Biblioteca Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Disponível em: <http://bdtd.ibict.br/vufind/>. Acessado em: 10 jan. 2020.
http://bdtd.ibict.br/vufind/...
). The bibliography with voucher material (records based on photographic evidences - of camera trap, tracks or direct observations - were also considered as vouchers in the case of medium and large-sized mammals) were cited in Table 1 and included as Supplementary Material (S1). The recorded localities were classified by mammal group (bats, small non-flying mammals and medium and large mammals) and plotted in a map (Figure 1) in order to give a general picture of the surveyed areas in Goiás state.

We followed the updated and annotated checklists of mammals from Brazil (Abreu et al. 2020ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
; Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.) for taxonomic hierarchical categories and nomenclature of the mammal taxa. Since these checklists differ in the treatment of some taxa, we cited our decisions bellow. We used the name Cetartiodactyla Montgelard, Catzeflis & Douzery, 1997 for the order including members of Artiodactyla Owen, 1848 and Cetacea Brisson, 1762; we used the name Dicotyles Cuvier, 1816 for the genus of the collared peccary according to Acosta et al. (2020)ACOSTA, L.E., GARBINO, G.S.T., GASPARINI, G.M. & DUTRA, R.P. 2020. Unraveling the nomenclatural puzzle of the collared and white-lipped peccaries (Mammalia, Certartiodactyla, Tayassuidae). Zootaxa 4851(1):60-80. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.1.2
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4851.1....
; both decisions followed Abreu et al. (2020)ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
. For the taxonomic nomenclature of Chiroptera we followed Garbino et al. (2020)GARBINO, G.S.T., GREGORIN, R., LIMA, I.P., LOUREIRO, L., MORAS, L.M., MORATELLI, R., NOGUEIRA, M.R., PAVAN, A.C., TAVARES, V.C., do NASCIMENTO, M.C. & PERACCHI, A.L. 2020. Updated checklist of Brazilian bats: versão 2020. Comitê da Lista de Morcegos do Brasil-CLMB. Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Quirópteros (Sbeq). . We considered Conepatus amazonicus Hershkovitz, 1994 as a valid taxon; we also treated Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845) as a valid species; both decisions followed Quintela et al. (2020)QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.. Here we used the concept of Marmosa demerarae (Thomas, 1905) of Silva et al. (2019a)SILVA, L.G.D.L., FERREIRA, D.C. & ROSSI, R.V. 2019a. Species diversity of Marmosa subgenus Micoureus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) and taxonomic evaluation of the white-bellied woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa constantiae. Zool. J. Linn. Society 187:240-277. following Quintela et al. (2020)QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.. We treated Calomys mattevii Gurgel-Filho, Feijó & Langguth 2015FEIJÓ, A., GARBINO, G.S.T., CAMPOS, B.A.T.P., ROCHA, P.A., FERRARI, S.F. & LANGGUTH, A. 2015. Distribution of Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811 (Xenarthra: Cingulata) with comments on its biogeography and conservation. Zool. Sci. 32:77-87. as a junior synonym of C. expulsus (Lund, 1840), according to Gutiérrez & Marinho-Filho (2017)GUTIÉRREZ, E.E., & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2017. The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. ZooKeys 2017:105-157.; Sylvilagus minensis as a valid species based on Ruedas et al. (2017)RUEDAS, L.A. ET AL. 2017. A prolegomenon to the systematics of the South American cottontail rabbits (Mammalia, Lagomorpha, Leporidae: Sylvilagus): designation of a neotype for S. brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758), and restoration of S. andinus (Thomas, 1897) and S. tapetillus Thomas,1913. Misc. Publi. Mus. Zool. 205:1-67. and Silva et al. (2019b)SILVA, S.M., RUEDAS, A.A., SANTOS, L.H., SILVA, J.J.S. & ALEIXO, A. 2019b. Illuminating the obscured phylogenetic radiation of South American Sylvilagus Gray, 1867 (Lagomorpha: Leporidae). J. Mammal. 100:31-44.; and we did not treat Galea flavidens as valid, according to Bezerra (2008)BEZERRA, A.M.R. 2008. Revisão taxonômica do gênero Galea Meyen, 1832 (Rodentia, Caviidae, Caviinae). Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília., differing from the previous checklists. The concept of Holochilus sciureus follows the recent study of Prado et al. (2021)PRADO, J.R., KNOWLES, L.L. & PERCEQUILLO, A.R. 2021. New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 155 (2021) 106992.. Conservation statuses are based on the Brazilian (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .) and international (IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
) red lists of threatened species.

Results and Discussion

A total of 191 mammalian species, distributed in 125 genera, 31 families and 10 orders were recorded for Goiás state. The richest order is Chiroptera, with 90 species, followed by Rodentia (43 spp.), Carnivora (19 spp.), and Didelphimorphia (17 spp.). The other orders comprise less diverse groups: Cetartiodactyla (7 spp.), Cingulata (7 spp.), Primates (4 spp.), Pilosa (2 spp.), Lagomorpha (1 sp.), and Perissodactyla (1 sp.) (Table 1). These results corroborate the richness pattern found in Brazil and in the world, where the most diverse mammals are bats and rodents (Burgin et al. 2018BURGIN, C.J., COLELLA, J.P., KAHN, P.L. & UPHAM, N.S. 2018. How many species of mammals are there? J. Mammal. 99:1-14.; Abreu et al., 2020ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
; Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.), as well as the pattern found in the Cerrado domain, where Chiroptera represents the richest order followed by the Rodentia, Didelphimorphia and Carnivora (Carmignotto et al. 2012CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., VIVO, M. & LANGGUTH, A. 2012. Mammals of the Cerrado and Caatinga: distribution patterns of the tropical open biomes of Central South America. In Bones, Clones, and Biomes: The History and Geography of Recent Neotropical Mammals (B.D. Patterson & L.P. Costa, eds.). University of Chicago, Chigago, p.307-350). However, bats presented a much higher proportion in the state (47%) compared to the Cerrado (35%), while the opposite trend was found for rodents (22% in Goiás and 34% for the Cerrado), evidencing the lack of studies on this latter group in the state.

A total of 28 species (14.7%) are included in some national threat category (four as endangered - one armadillo, one bat, two rodents - and 24 as vulnerable - one marsupial, one armadillo, one anteater, five bats, one primate, two rodents, nine carnivores, a tapir, two deers, one peccary), while 12 species (6.3%) are globally threatened (three as endangered and nine as vulnerable), 10 (5.2%) are considered as Near Threatened (NT), and 12 (6.3%) as Data Deficient (DD), with this later category mostly represented by rodents and bats (Table 1). The high percentage of threatened and DD species highlight the need to increase our efforts regarding further studies and conservation of target mammalian species and/or poorly surveyed regions in the state.

1. Didelphimorphia

We recorded 10 genera and 17 species from the family Didelphidae for Goiás state. These taxa include members from two subfamilies: Caluromyinae (2 spp.) and Didelphinae (15 spp.), as well as from three Didelphinae tribes: Marmosini (6 spp.), Didelphini (5 spp.) and Thylamyini (4 spp.). These numbers represent 26% of the 65 Brazilian didelphids (Abreu et al. 2020ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
) and equates richness with other Brazilian states, such as Mato Grosso do Sul (17 spp.- Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.) and Rio de Janeiro (14 spp. - Rocha et al. 2004ROCHA, C.F.D. ET AL. 2004. Fauna de anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Publ. Avulsas Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 104:3-23.).

In relation to general distribution patterns, 53% of these taxa (9 spp.) are widely distributed, and shared between the Cerrado and forested domains, such as the Amazonian and Atlantic Forests. This is the case of Caluromys lanatus, C. philander, Chironectes minimus, Marmosa murina, M. demerarae, M. paraguayana, Monodelphis americana, Philander canus and P. quica. The other half (47% - 8 spp.) is represented by Cerrado endemics (Thylamys velutinus) and by taxa shared with other open formations, such as the Caatinga, Pantanal and Chaco, which include Cryptonanus chacoensis, Gracilinanus agilis, Didelphis albiventris, Lutreolina crassicaudata, Monodelphis domestica, M. kunsi and Thylamys karimii. These data reveal the composite nature of the didelphid fauna of the state, characterized by inhabitants of forested and open formations, due to the presence of a vegetation mosaic, typical of the Cerrado domain (Carmignotto et al. 2012CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., VIVO, M. & LANGGUTH, A. 2012. Mammals of the Cerrado and Caatinga: distribution patterns of the tropical open biomes of Central South America. In Bones, Clones, and Biomes: The History and Geography of Recent Neotropical Mammals (B.D. Patterson & L.P. Costa, eds.). University of Chicago, Chigago, p.307-350), and the semideciduous seasonal forest fragments, which still persist in the state (Ribeiro & Walter 2008RIBEIRO, J.F. & WALTER, B.M.T. 2008. As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. In Cerrado: ecologia e flora (S.M. Sano, ed). Embrapa-CPAC, Planaltina, p.151-212.; IBGE 2011IBGE. 2011. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Mapa de Vegetação da Folha SD 22. IBGE. <http://servicodados.ibge.gov.br/dowload.ashx?u=geoftp.ibge.gov.br/mapeamento_sistematico/banco_de_dados_georreferenciado_recursos_naturais/latlong/sd_22/vegetacao.zip.>.
http://servicodados.ibge.gov.br/dowload....
).

Considering the local distribution patterns, we can cite six didelphids that are rare in Goiás, with few records restricted to different portions of the state: Marmosa paraguayana and Philander quica, both widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, are restricted to the southeast of Goiás (Carmignotto 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.; Silva et al. 2019aSILVA, L.G.D.L., FERREIRA, D.C. & ROSSI, R.V. 2019a. Species diversity of Marmosa subgenus Micoureus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) and taxonomic evaluation of the white-bellied woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa constantiae. Zool. J. Linn. Society 187:240-277.), suggesting a closer relationship between this region and the Atlantic Forest; Caluromys philander and Monodelphis americana, which occur on both forested domains (Amazon and Atlantic Forest), present few and scaterred records in southwestern (only Caluromys), central and northern portions of the state (Carmignotto 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.; Cáceres et al. 2008CÁCERES, N.C., CASELLA, J., VARGAS, C.F., PRATES, L.Z., TOMBINI, A.A.M., GOULART, C.S. & LOPES, W.H. 2008. Distribuição geográfica de pequenos mamíferos não voadores nas bacias dos rios Araguaia e Paraná, região centro-sul do Brasil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., 98 (2): 173-180.; Pavan et al. 2014PAVAN, S.E., JANSA, S.A. & VOSS, R.S. 2014. Molecular phylogeny of short-tailed opossums (Didelphidae: Monodelphis): Taxonomic implications and tests of evolutionary hypotheses. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 79C(1):199-214.); Lutreolina crassicaudata, a marsupial with a disjunct distribution in South America, is restricted to its southern portion (Cáceres et al. 2008CÁCERES, N.C., CASELLA, J., VARGAS, C.F., PRATES, L.Z., TOMBINI, A.A.M., GOULART, C.S. & LOPES, W.H. 2008. Distribuição geográfica de pequenos mamíferos não voadores nas bacias dos rios Araguaia e Paraná, região centro-sul do Brasil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., 98 (2): 173-180.; Carmignotto et al. 2014CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BEZERRA, A.M.R. & RODRIGUES, F.H.G. 2014. Nonvolant small mammals from a southwestern area of Brazilian Cerrado: diversity, habitat use, seasonality, and biogeography. Therya 5:535-558.); and Thylamys velutinus, a Cerrado endemic species, is restricted to southwestern and northeastern portion of the state, in two protected areas (Parque Nacional das Emas and Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros) (Bonvicino et al. 2002BONVICINO, C.R., LINDBERGH, S.M. & MAROJA, L.S. 2002. Small non-flying mammals from conserved and altered areas of Atlantic forest and Cerrado: comments on their potential use for monitoring environment. Braz. J. Biol. 62:765-774., 2005BONVICINO, C.R., LEMOS, B. & WEKSLER, M. 2005. Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of central Brazil): ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations. Braz. J. Biol. 65(3): 395-406.; Carmignotto & Monfort 2006; Carmignotto et al. 2014CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BEZERRA, A.M.R. & RODRIGUES, F.H.G. 2014. Nonvolant small mammals from a southwestern area of Brazilian Cerrado: diversity, habitat use, seasonality, and biogeography. Therya 5:535-558.). Besides the restricted distribution in the state, this latter species is also threatened in Brazil, classified as vulnerable (Rossi et al. 2018ROSSI, R.V. ET AL. 2018. Thylamys velutinus (Wagner, 1842). In Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção: Volume II - Mamíferos. (Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, ed.). ICMBio, Brasília, p.32-34.). Thylamys karimii, although presenting a wider distribution, is also treated as vulnerable at the IUCN Red List (Carmignotto et al. 2016CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. & ASTUA DE MORAES, D. 2016. Thylamys velutinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species2016: e.T40520A22172367. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T40520A22172367.en. Downloaded on 07 March 2021.Carvalho et al. 2002
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-...
). In the case of L. crassicaudata, it is also important to note that the records from Goiás delimit the northeastern range of the southern portion of its distribution in South America (Martínez-Lanfranco et al. 2014MARTÍNEZ-LANFRANCO, J.A., FLORES, D., JAYAT, J.P. & D’ELÍA, G. 2014. A new species of lutrine opossum, genus Lutreolina Thomas (Didelphidae), from the South American Yungas. J. Mammal. 95(2):225-240.).

The richest didelphid communities were found within conservation units, such as the Parque Nacional das Emas (10 spp.- Carmignotto et al. 2014CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BEZERRA, A.M.R. & RODRIGUES, F.H.G. 2014. Nonvolant small mammals from a southwestern area of Brazilian Cerrado: diversity, habitat use, seasonality, and biogeography. Therya 5:535-558.), Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (8 spp.- Bonvicino et al. 2002BONVICINO, C.R., LINDBERGH, S.M. & MAROJA, L.S. 2002. Small non-flying mammals from conserved and altered areas of Atlantic forest and Cerrado: comments on their potential use for monitoring environment. Braz. J. Biol. 62:765-774.; 2005BONVICINO, C.R., LEMOS, B. & WEKSLER, M. 2005. Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of central Brazil): ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations. Braz. J. Biol. 65(3): 395-406.), Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (6 spp.- Carvalho et al. 2002CARVALHO, B.D.A., OLIVEIRA, L.F.B., NUNES, A.P. & MATTEVI, M.S. 2002. Karyotypes of nineteen marsupial species from Brazil. J. Mammal. 83:58-70.; Costa et al. 2003COSTA, L.P., LEITE, Y.L.R. & PATTON, J.L. 2003. Phylogeography and systematic notes on two species of gracile mouse opossums, genus Gracilinanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from Brazil. P. Biol. Soc. Wash. 116(2):275-292.; Carmignotto 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.), and areas very well sampled, such as the region of the Hydroelectric dam of Serra da Mesa (11 spp.- Carvalho et al. 2002CARVALHO, B.D.A., OLIVEIRA, L.F.B., NUNES, A.P. & MATTEVI, M.S. 2002. Karyotypes of nineteen marsupial species from Brazil. J. Mammal. 83:58-70.; Costa et al. 2003COSTA, L.P., LEITE, Y.L.R. & PATTON, J.L. 2003. Phylogeography and systematic notes on two species of gracile mouse opossums, genus Gracilinanus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) from Brazil. P. Biol. Soc. Wash. 116(2):275-292.; Carmignotto 2019CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Effects of damming on a small mammal assemblage in Central Brazil Cerrado. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool. 85:63-73.) and the region of Anápolis (7 spp. - Carmignotto 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.). So, the majority of the records were based on few and well sampled localities, ranging from six to 11 didelphids, while the other regions of the state are still poorly sampled (most of them with records of only one species) (Carmignotto 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.).

Indeed, there are some didelphid taxa that need additional taxonomic comments: Cryptonanus chacoensis has proven to be a species complex, composed of very similar taxa in morphology, but distinct at molecular levels, with at least three putative species for the state (Carmignotto et al. 2014CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BEZERRA, A.M.R. & RODRIGUES, F.H.G. 2014. Nonvolant small mammals from a southwestern area of Brazilian Cerrado: diversity, habitat use, seasonality, and biogeography. Therya 5:535-558.; Fegies et al. in pressFEGIES, A.C., CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., PEREZ, M.F., GUILARDI, M.D. & LESSINGER, A.C. In press. Molecular Phylogeny of Cryptonanus (Didelphidae: Thylamyini): evidence for a recent and complex diversification in South American open biomes. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. YMPEV 107213.). The cited records for the state are all part of C. chacoensis complex (see de la Sancha and D’Elía 2014DE LA SANCHA, N.U. & D’ELÍA, G. 2014. Additions to the Paraguayan mammal fauna: the first records of two marsupials (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) with comments on the alpha taxonomy of Cryptonanus and Philander. Mammalia 79(3):343-356.), including those cited as G. emiliae by Carvalho et al. (2002)CARVALHO, B.D.A., OLIVEIRA, L.F.B., NUNES, A.P. & MATTEVI, M.S. 2002. Karyotypes of nineteen marsupial species from Brazil. J. Mammal. 83:58-70. and as C. agricolai (Gardner 2008GARDNER, A.L. 2008. Genus Cryptonanus. In Mammals of South America, Vol 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. (A.L. Gardner, ed.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. p.40-43.; Gomes et al. 2015GOMES, L.P., ROCHA, C.R., BRANDÃO, R.A. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2015. Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 15:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0033
https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-201...
). Recent revisionary studies on the genus Marmosa subgenus Micoureus have also shown genetically and geographically structured populations within M. demerarae (Silva et al. 2019aSILVA, L.G.D.L., FERREIRA, D.C. & ROSSI, R.V. 2019a. Species diversity of Marmosa subgenus Micoureus (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae) and taxonomic evaluation of the white-bellied woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa constantiae. Zool. J. Linn. Society 187:240-277.), with populations from central Brazil treated as distinct taxa, such as M. limae Thomas, 1920 by Voss et al. (2020)VOSS, R.S., GIARLA, T.C., DÍAZ-NIETO, J.F. & JANSA, S.A. 2020. A Revision of the Didelphid Marsupial Genus Marmosa Part 2. Species of the Rapposa Group (Subgenus Micoureus). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 439:1-62. and Abreu et al. (2020)ABREU, E.F., CASALI, D.M., GARBINO, G.S.T., LORETTO, D., LOSS, A.C., MARMONTEL, M., NASCIMENTO, M.C., OLIVEIRA, M.L., PAVAN, S.E. & TIRELLI, F.P. 2020. Lista de Mamíferos do Brasil. Comitê de Taxonomia da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (CT-SBMz). <https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil> (28 August 2020).
https://www.sbmz.org/mamiferos-do-brasil...
, or M. domina Thomas, 1920 by Bonvicino et al. (2021)BONVICINO C.R., LAZAR A., FREITAS T., LANES R.O. & D’ ANDREA P.S. 2021. Diversification of the Marsupials (Didelphimorphia) of South America. In New World marsupials: an evolutionary, biogeographical, and ecological approach (N.C. Cáceres, ed). Springer Nature, Cham, p. 000-000.. For Philander, molecular and morphological studies have also shown that populations from central Brazil can be treated as a distinct taxon: P. canus, but the limits of the geographic distribution between this species and P. quica, the species from southeastern Brazil, are not delimited yet. Both species are recorded in Goiás, but several records in the state need to be reexamined based on molecular and morphological grounds (Costa 2003COSTA, L.P. 2003. The historical bridge between the Amazon and the forest of Brazil a study of molecular phylogeography with small mammals. J. Biogeogr. 30:71-86.; Voss et al. 2018VOSS, R.S., DÍAZ-NIETO, J.F. & JANSA, S.A. 2018. A Revision of Philander (Marsupialia: Didelphidae), Part 1: P. quica, P. canus, and a New Species from Amazonia. Am. Mus. Novit. 3891:1-70.).

2. Cingulata

We recorded seven species of Cingulata for Goiás state, wich represents 58.3% of the species listed for Brazil (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). According to other Brazilian states’ checklists, armadillos range from five species in São Paulo (Vivo et al. 2011VIVO, M. ET AL. 2011. Checklist dos mamíferos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11:0-21. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?i nventory+bn0071101a2011.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a...
) and Amapá ( Silva et al. 2013SILVA, C. R. ET AL. 2013. Mammals of Amapá State, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia: A revised taxonomic list with comments on species distributions. Mammalia 77:409-424.), to nine species in Mato Grosso (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.). The occurrence of the southern three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes matacus was mentioned in an interview for the region of the Parque Nacional das Emas, but only in the past (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.). Considering that there is no reliable record or voucher material for the species in Goiás, T. matacus was not included in the list.

The largest populations of Brazilian three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes tricinctus occurs in areas of Bahia on the border with Goiás (Marinho-Filho et al. 1997MARINHO-FILHO, J., GUIMARÃES, M.M., REIS, M.L., RODRIGUES, F.H.G., TORRES, O. & ALMEIDA, G. 1997. The discovery of the Brazilian three banded armadillo in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Edentata 3:11-13.; Bocchiglieri et al. 2010BOCCHIGLIERI, A., MENDONÇA, A.F. & HENRIQUES, R.P.B. 2010. Composição e diversidade de mamíferos de médio e grande porte no Cerrado do Brasil central. Biota Neotrop. 10:169-176. http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v10n3/en/abstract?article+bn03110032010.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org. br/v10n3...
; Marinho-Filho & Guimarães 2010MARINHO-FILHO, J. & GUIMARÃES, M.M. 2010. Comportamento sexual de tatu-bola (Tolypeutes tricinctus, Dasypodidae). Edentata 11:76-77.; Feijó et al. 2015FEIJÓ, A., GARBINO, G.S.T., CAMPOS, B.A.T.P., ROCHA, P.A., FERRARI, S.F. & LANGGUTH, A. 2015. Distribution of Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811 (Xenarthra: Cingulata) with comments on its biogeography and conservation. Zool. Sci. 32:77-87.) and had been mentioned in other studies as of potential occurrence for the state (Anacleto et al. 2006ANACLETO, T.C.S., DINIZ-FILHO, J.A.F. & VITAL, M.V.C. 2006. Estimating potential geographic ranges of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) in Brazil under niche-based models. Mammalia 70:202-213.; Gutiérrez & Marinho-Filho 2017GUTIÉRREZ, E.E., & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2017. The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga. ZooKeys 2017:105-157.). A visual observation (photo in Supplementary Material S2) of an adult specimen was done in the Mambaí region by a researcher (D. Sampaio) in 2013, corroborating the presence of T. tricinctus, and representing a new record for Goiás (Table 1). This species has been classified as endangered in the Brazilian red list (Reis et al. 2018REIS, M.L., ET AL. 2018. Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758). In Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos (ICMBio/MMA). Brasília. p.53-58.) and vulnerable in the IUCN red list (IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
).

In general, species of Cingulata listed for the state are common and widely distributed, being found in different types of environments and domains. The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) and the yellow armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) are the most frequent species (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.; Bernardo & Melo 2013BERNARDO, P.V.S. & MELO, F.R. 2013. Assemblage of medium and large size mammals in an urban Semideciduous Seasonal Forest fragment in Cerrado biome. Biota Neotrop. 13:76-80. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n2/pt/abstract?article+bn02813022013
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v13n2/...
; Calaça et al. 2018CALAÇA, A., FACHI, M., SILVA, D.A., OLIVEIRA, S.R. & MELO, F.R. 2018. Mammals recorded in isolated remnants of Atlantic Forest in southern Goiás, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 19:e20180575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2...
; Feijó et al. 2018FEIJÓ, A., PATTERSON, B.D. & CORDEIRO-ESTRELA, P. 2018. Taxonomic revision of the long-nosed armadillos, Genus Dasypus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Cingulata). PLoS ONE 13(4): e0195084.), being tolerant to disturbed environments, although they are rare in places where they suffer intense hunting pressure (Cabral et al. 2017CABRAL, R., ZANIN, M., PORFÍRIO, G. & BRITO, D. 2017. Medium-sized to large mammals of Serra do Tombador, Cerrado of Brazil. Check List 13:1-6.). We consider Cabassous squamicaudis as a full species as treated by Feijó & Langguth (2013)FEIJÓ, A. & LANGGUTH, A. 2013. Mamíferos de Médio e Grande Porte do Nordeste do Brasil: Distribuição e Taxonomia, com Descrição de Novas Espécies. Rev. Nordest. Biol. 22 (1/2):3-225.. This species co-occurs with Cabassous tatouay in Goiás (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.; Sanderson & Silveira, 2003SANDERSON J. & SILVEIRA, L. 2003. Observations of Xenarthra in the Brazilian Cerrado and Guyana. Edentata 5:41-44.; Rocha et al. 2019ROCHA, E.C., SILVA, J., SILVA, P.T.D., ARAÚJO, M.D.S. & CASTRO, A.L.D.S. 2019. Medium and large mammals in a Cerrado fragment in Southeast Goiás, Brazil: inventory and immediate effects of habitat reduction on species richness and composition, Biota Neotrop. 19(3):e20180671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0671
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2...
) and, as well as for other species of armadillos, the number of records varied between studies, depending on the type of habitat, and the degree of conservation of surveyed areas. Tolypeutes tricinctus and C. tatouay were the rarest species throughout its range in Cerrado, including Goiás (Anacleto et al. 2006ANACLETO, T.C.S., DINIZ-FILHO, J.A.F. & VITAL, M.V.C. 2006. Estimating potential geographic ranges of armadillos (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) in Brazil under niche-based models. Mammalia 70:202-213.; Ubaid et al. 2010UBAID, F.K., MENDONCA, L.S. & MAFFEI, F. 2010. Contribuição ao conhecimento da distribuição geográfica do tatu-de-rabo-mole-grande Cabassous tatouay no Brasil: revisão, status e comentários sobre a espécie. Edentata 11:22-28.).

Studies on armadillos remain incipient in Goiás, but the studies evaluating the ecology of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus are worth mentioning, developed in the Parque Nacional das Emas (Silveira et al. 2009SILVEIRA, L., JÁCOMO, A.T.A., FURTADO, M.M., TORRES, N.M., SOLLMANN, R. & VYNNE, C. 2009. Ecology of the giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) in the grasslands of central Brazil. Edentata 8-10:25-34.; Vynne et al. 2009VYNNE, C., MACHADO, R., MARINHO-FILHO, J. & WASSER, S. 2009. Scat detection dogs seek out new locations of Priodontes maximus and Myrmecophaga tridactyla in central Brazil. Edentata 8-10:13-14.). Considered as the largest and most conspicuous armadillo species, P. maximus generally is more sensitive, being recorded in more preserved environments of the Cerrado (Anacleto & Marinho-Filho 2001ANACLETO, T.C.S. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2001. Hábito alimentar do tatu-canastra (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) em uma área de cerrado do Brasil Central. Rev. Bras. Zool. 18:681-688.; Silveira et al. 2009SILVEIRA, L., JÁCOMO, A.T.A., FURTADO, M.M., TORRES, N.M., SOLLMANN, R. & VYNNE, C. 2009. Ecology of the giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) in the grasslands of central Brazil. Edentata 8-10:25-34.; Carter et al. 2016CARTER, T.S., SUPERINA, M. & LESLIE, D.M. 2016. Priodontes maximus (Cingulata: Chlamyphoridae). Mamm. Species 48:21-34.; Lemos et al. 2020LEMOS, F.G., COSTA, A.N., AZEVEDO, F.C., FRAGOSO, C.E., FREITAS, M.C. & ROCHA, E.C. 2020. Surveying in highly-modified landscapes to document the occurrence of threatened species: A study of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus in central Brazil. Oryx 54:133-139.). According to Anacleto & Marinho-Filho (2001)ANACLETO, T.C.S. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2001. Hábito alimentar do tatu-canastra (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) em uma área de cerrado do Brasil Central. Rev. Bras. Zool. 18:681-688., high densities of the species can be observed in Goiás, but their populations have been drastically reduced, being listed as vulnerable (VU) (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .; IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
). Habitat loss, fragmentation, fires and roadkill are the main threats for the species (Silveira et al. 1999SILVEIRA, L., RODRIGUES, F.H.G. & JACOMO, A.T. 1999. Impact of wildfires on the megafauna of Emas National Park, Central Brazil. Oryx 33:108-114.; Hannibal et al. 2018HANNIBAL, W., DA CUNHA, N.L., DALPONTI, G., OLIVEIRA, S.R. & PEREIRA, K.R.F. 2018. Roadkill and new records for giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) in central-western Brazil. Mastozoo. Neotrop. 25:229-234.; Lemos et al. 2020LEMOS, F.G., COSTA, A.N., AZEVEDO, F.C., FRAGOSO, C.E., FREITAS, M.C. & ROCHA, E.C. 2020. Surveying in highly-modified landscapes to document the occurrence of threatened species: A study of the giant armadillo Priodontes maximus in central Brazil. Oryx 54:133-139.).

We reinforce the north and northeastern areas of the state as regions of knowledge gaps for Cingulata, mainly the Paranã Valley, as well as the southwestern of Goiás, including the region of Serranópolis and Serra do Caiapó. This latter region was informally mentioned as area of occurrence of T. matacus, but requires further studies to confirm the presence of this species.

3. Pilosa

Only two species of the order Pilosa occur in Goiás state, the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla), both representing the family Myrmecophagidae. These species comprised 16.6% of Pilosa members found in Brazil (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). In other Brazilian states, Pilosa richness varied from one (in Santa Catarina - Cherem et al. 2004CHEREM, J., SIMÕES-LOPES, P., ALTHOFF, S.L. & GRAIPEL, M.E. 2004. Lista dos mamíferos do estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. Mastozool. Neotrop. 11:151-184.) to five species (in Amapá - Silva et al. 2013SILVA, C. R. ET AL. 2013. Mammals of Amapá State, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia: A revised taxonomic list with comments on species distributions. Mammalia 77:409-424., and Mato Grosso - Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.).

Giant anteaters are considered common in Goiás state, being a frequently registered species in mammalian studies conducted in the region (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.; Gomes et al. 2015GOMES, L.P., ROCHA, C.R., BRANDÃO, R.A. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2015. Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 15:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0033
https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-201...
; Cabral et al. 2017CABRAL, R., ZANIN, M., PORFÍRIO, G. & BRITO, D. 2017. Medium-sized to large mammals of Serra do Tombador, Cerrado of Brazil. Check List 13:1-6.; Oliveira et al. 2019OLIVEIRA, R.F., DE MORAIS, A.R. & TERRIBILE, L.C. 2019. Medium- and large-sized mammals in forest remnants of the southern Cerrado: Diversity and ecology. Neotropical Biol. Conserv. 14:29-42.). Concerning locomotor habits, M. tridactyla is terrestrial and T. tetradactyla is scansorial (Paglia et al. 2012PAGLIA, A.P. ET AL. 2012. Lista anotada dos mamíferos do Brasil. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology.), but both occur in open (open grasslands and scrubland) and forested areas (woodland savanna, semideciduous and riparian forests). However, M. tridactyla prefers open formations, while T. tetradactyla selects forested areas (Desbiez & Medri 2010DESBIEZ, A.L.J. & MEDRI, I.M. 2010. Density and habitat use by giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and southern tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla) in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Edentata 11:4-10.).

The giant anteater is categorized as a vulnerable species (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .; IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
). Human activities such as agriculture, deforestation, hunting, roadkill, and fire are the main threats for population establishment (Miranda et al. 2014aMIRANDA, F., BERTASSONI, A. & ABBA, A.M. 2014a. Myrmecophaga tridactyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T14224A47441961.en> (7 June 2020).
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-...
). On the other hand, T. tetradactyla is classified as Least Concern, even though the knowledge on its population density is scant. This species suffers the same threats as those cited for M. tridactyla (Miranda et al. 2014bMIRANDA, F., FALLABRINO, A., ARTEAGA, M., TIRIRA, D.G., MERITT, D.A. & SUPERINA, M. 2014b. Tamandua tetradactyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T21350A47442916.en> (7 June 2020).
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-...
).

4. Chiroptera

We recorded 90 species of bats including five new records for the Goiás state. Only Thyropteridae, one of the nine families occurring in Brazil, has not yet been registered in the state. Phyllostomidae is the most speciose family (49 spp.), followed by Molossidae (14 spp.), Vespertilionidae (12 spp.), Emballonuridae (8 spp.), Mormoopidae (3 spp.), Noctilionidae (2 spp.), Furipteridae (1 sp.), and Natalidae (1 sp.).

The first bat collected in the region currently corresponding to Goiás state dates back to 1819, by Auguste de St-Hilaire (I. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire 1824GEOFFROY ST.-HILAIRE, I. 1984. Sur les vespertilions du Brésil. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Paris 3:440-447.). In his study, Isidore St-Hilaire describes the species Vespertilio hilarii, later synonymized as Eptesicus brasiliensis (Carter & Dolan 1978CARTER, D.C. & DOLAN, P.G. 1978. Catalogue of type specimens of Neotropical bats in selected European museums. Special publications. Texas Tech University Press. 136 p.; Gardner 2008GARDNER, A.L. 2008. Genus Cryptonanus. In Mammals of South America, Vol 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. (A.L. Gardner, ed.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. p.40-43.). Gervais (1855) cited the occurrence of six species for Goiás based on F. Castelnau’s expedition to the “Province of Goiás”. One of the species, Vespertilio chiloensis (= Myotis chiloensis), was not considered here because it must be an incorrect identification, since the species has a distribution restricted to Chile and southwestern Argentina (Gardner 2008GARDNER, A.L. 2008. Genus Cryptonanus. In Mammals of South America, Vol 1. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews, and Bats. (A.L. Gardner, ed.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago. p.40-43.). The third record was made in 1823 by Dr. Johann Emanuel Pohl, on an expedition to Goiás (Pelzeln 1883PELZELN, A.V. 1883. Brasilische säugethiere: resultate von Johann Natterer’s Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. Verh. der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 33:1-140.). The only city in Goiás mentioned by Pelzeln is the old state capital, Goiás city. However, the exact locality of the record is imprecise, since the expedition entered the state along the border with Minas Gerais state, along the Rio das Velhas, and proceeded in the direction to the river that, according to this author, is probably the Araguaia River (Pelzeln 1883PELZELN, A.V. 1883. Brasilische säugethiere: resultate von Johann Natterer’s Reisen in den Jahren 1817 bis 1835. Verh. der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 33:1-140.).

The panorama of the number of bat species registered for Goiás over the years shows four peaks, with the highest increase in 1982, 1998, 2005, and 2017-2020 (Figure 2). The first increment concerns to the study of Coimbra et al. (1982)COIMBRA, C.E.A.J., BORGES, M.M., GUERRA, D.Q. & MELLO, D.A. 1982. Contribuição à zoogeografia e ecologia de morcegos em regiões de cerrado do Brasil central. Bol Téc. Rev. Brasil Floresta 7:33-38., with the contribution to the zoogeography and ecology of bats in Cerrado regions of central Brazil. In 1998, a single study added 21 new species. It refers to Fernanda Trierveiler’s unpublished master dissertation in the Serra da Mesa hydroelectric reservoir region, in northern Goiás (Trierveiler 1998TRIERVEILER, F. 1998. Estrutura e composição da fauna de quirópteros da região do alto Tocantins, GO. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.). Moreover, five articles published in 2005 resulted in the third peak of species addition with 11 new records, 64% of those by Fracasso & Salles (2005)FRACASSO, M.P.A. & SALLES, L.O. 2005. Diversity of Quaternary Bats from Serra da Mesa (State of Goiás, Brazil). Zootaxa 817:1-19.. This paper stands out for being the only one based on fossil material and including recent (non-fossil) material deposited in a scientific collection (the Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, MN). Bezerra & Marinho-Filho (2010)BEZERRA, A.M.R. & OLIVEIRA, J.A. 2010. Taxonomic implications of cranial morphometric variation in the genus Clyomys Thomas 1916 (Rodentia: Echimyidae). J. Mammal. 91:260-272. added five new records (Diphylla ecaudata, Tonatia bidens, Artibeus obscurus, Uroderma magnirostrum and Eptesicus furinalis), based on voucher specimens collected mainly at limestone outcrops of northeastern Goiás. More recently, 18 additional species have been reported (Arias-Aguilar et al. 2018ARIAS-AGUILAR, A., HINTZE, F., AGUIAR, L.M.S., RUFRAY, V., BERNARD, E. & PEREIRA, M.J.R. 2018. Who’s calling? Acoustic identification of Brazilian bats. Mammal Res. 63:231-253.; Hope et al. 2019HOPE, J.P., MARCHEZI, G. & DITCHFIELD, A.D. 2019. First record of the White-winged Vampire bat, Diaemus youngii (Jentink, 1893) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the state of Goiás, Brazil, with a revised distribution map. Check List 15:55-64.; Zortéa & Darc 2019ZORTÉA, M. & DARC, F.C. 2019. Diversity of three bat assemblages of Central Brazil. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:468-474.; Dias & Oliveira 2020DIAS, D. & OLIVEIRA, M.B. 2020. First record of Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Cerrado biome. Oecol. Aust. 24:696-703.; Hintze et al. 2020HINTZE, F., ARIAS-AGUILAR, A., DIAS-SILVA, L., DELGADO-JARAMILLO, M., SILVA, C.R., JUCÁ, T., MISCHIATTI, F.L., ALMEIDA, M., BEZERRA, B., AGUIAR, L.M.S., RAMOS PEREIRA, M.J. & BERNARD, E. 2020. Molossid unlimited: extraordinary extension of range and unusual vocalization patterns of the bat, Promops centralis. J. Mammal. 101(2): 417-432.; present study).

Figure 2
Temporal trend in cumulative species richness for Chiroptera in Goiás state. The 2020 year refers to the present study.

Arias-Aguilar et al. (2018)ARIAS-AGUILAR, A., HINTZE, F., AGUIAR, L.M.S., RUFRAY, V., BERNARD, E. & PEREIRA, M.J.R. 2018. Who’s calling? Acoustic identification of Brazilian bats. Mammal Res. 63:231-253. added eight species, and the new species recorded can be attributed to the sampling methodology used by the authors, which was the acoustic recording. This is the first bioacoustic study applied to survey bats in the state of Goiás. The most recent study published with Chiroptera in Goiás was that of Zortéa & Darc (2019)ZORTÉA, M. & DARC, F.C. 2019. Diversity of three bat assemblages of Central Brazil. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:468-474., which surveyed the central-northern portion of the state (Ceres, Rialma, and Pilar de Goiás localities), adding four new records to the state. Dias & Oliveira (2020)DIAS, D. & OLIVEIRA, M.B. 2020. First record of Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Cerrado biome. Oecol. Aust. 24:696-703. provided the first record of Xeronycteris vieirai for the state, and the present study added five new occurrences with data obtained from the collection of the Universidade de Brasília, UnB (Eumops perotis, Nyctinomops laticaudatus, and Hsunycteris thomasi) and the Universidade Federal de Jataí, CJ (Eumops glaucinus and Lasiurus villosissimus).

In general, the new records added here are expected, since these species occur within neighboring states (Bianconi & Pedro 2017BIANCONI, G.V. & PEDRO, W.A. 2017. Subfamília Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821. In História Natural dos Morcegos Brasileiros - Chave de Identificação de Espécies (N.R.Reis, A.L. Peracchi, C.B. Batista, I.P. Lima & A.D. Pereira, eds.). Editora Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, p.321-351; Sartore et al. 2017SARTORE, E.R., TAVARES, V.C. & MORAS, L.M. 2017. Subfamília Molossinae Gervais, 1856. In História Natural dos Morcegos Brasileiros - Chave de Identificação de Espécies (N.R. Reis, A.L. Peracchi, C.B. Batista, I.P. Lima & A.D. Pereira, eds.). Editora Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, p.276-318.; Zortéa et al. 2017ZORTÉA, M., OPREA, M. & MENDES, P. 2017. Subfamília Lonchophyllinae Griffths, 1982. In História Natural dos Morcegos Brasileiros - Chave de Identificação de Espécies (N.R. Reis, A.L. Peracchi, C.B. Batista, I.P. Lima & A.D. Pereira, eds.). Editora Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, p.173-189.). It is important to mention that the previous record of E. perotis for Goiás, provided by Sartore et al. (2017)SARTORE, E.R., TAVARES, V.C. & MORAS, L.M. 2017. Subfamília Molossinae Gervais, 1856. In História Natural dos Morcegos Brasileiros - Chave de Identificação de Espécies (N.R. Reis, A.L. Peracchi, C.B. Batista, I.P. Lima & A.D. Pereira, eds.). Editora Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, p.276-318. and based on the study of Eger (1977)EGER, J.L. 1977. Systematics of the Genus Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Life Sci. Contribution 110:1-69., is erroneous. Eger (1977)EGER, J.L. 1977. Systematics of the Genus Eumops (Chiroptera: Molossidae). Life Sci. Contribution 110:1-69. refers to the material deposited at the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB) that was attributed to a location in Goiás state named “Parano do Manhana” (sic). In a careful investigation, Suckow et al. (2010)SUCKOW, U.M.S., BIANCONI, G.V., PAROLIN, L.C. & LIMA, I.P. 2010. First occurrences of the greater bonneted Eumops perotis (Molossidae) in the State of Paraná and synthesis of the known records for Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 10:453-456. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n3/en/abstract?short-communication+bn02310032010.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n3/...
rectified this information indicating that the correct location is “Paranã do Manhana”, a locality in the upper Amazonas River. Bichuette et al. (2018)BICHUETTE, M.E., GIMENEZ, E.A. ARNONE, I.S. & TRAJANO, E. 2018. An important site for conservation of bats in Brazil: Passa Três cave, São Domingos karst area, with na updated checklist for Distrito Federal (DF) and Goiás state. Subterr. Biol. 28:39-51. registered 66 species in a recent review of bats from Goiás and the Federal District. Two species considered by these authors were not considered in our study: Cynomops abrasus and Histiotus laephotis. Although these species are likely to occur in Goiás, especially C. abrasus, we have not found supporting material to attest their occurrence in the state.

The order Chiroptera is one of the most representative of mammals globally, a pattern reflected in Brazil, and also in this study. According to Aguiar et al. (2016)AGUIAR, L.M.S., BERNARD, E., RIBEIRO, V., MACHADO, R.B. & JONES, G. 2016. Should I stay or should I go? Climate change effects on the future of Neotropical savannah bats. Global Ecol. Conserv. 5:22-33., at least 118 species occur in the Cerrado, of which 76% occur in Goiás, as found in the present study. Concerning Brazil, Goiás comprises about 50% of the 181 recognized species (see Garbino et al. 2020GARBINO, G.S.T., GREGORIN, R., LIMA, I.P., LOUREIRO, L., MORAS, L.M., MORATELLI, R., NOGUEIRA, M.R., PAVAN, A.C., TAVARES, V.C., do NASCIMENTO, M.C. & PERACCHI, A.L. 2020. Updated checklist of Brazilian bats: versão 2020. Comitê da Lista de Morcegos do Brasil-CLMB. Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Quirópteros (Sbeq). ). These figures show that Goiás state presents a high bat species diversity, playing a significant role for the conservation of this group in Brazil.

Comparatively to other Brazilian states, bat species richness found in Goiás is only surpassed by the observed in the states of Pará (120 spp.), Amazonas (110 spp.) (Bernard et al. 2011BERNARD, E., AGUIAR, L.M.S. & MACHADO, R.B. 2011. Discovering the Brazilian bat fauna: a task for two centuries? Mammal Rev. 41:23-39.), and Mato Grosso (99 spp.- Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.), which owns more than 8% of its territory within the Amazon domain. Mato Grosso do Sul holds 73 species (Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.), while São Paulo presents 79 species (Vivo et al. 2011VIVO, M. ET AL. 2011. Checklist dos mamíferos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11:0-21. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?i nventory+bn0071101a2011.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a...
).

The family Phyllostomidae is the most diverse in Brazil (93 spp.- Garbino et al. 2020GARBINO, G.S.T., GREGORIN, R., LIMA, I.P., LOUREIRO, L., MORAS, L.M., MORATELLI, R., NOGUEIRA, M.R., PAVAN, A.C., TAVARES, V.C., do NASCIMENTO, M.C. & PERACCHI, A.L. 2020. Updated checklist of Brazilian bats: versão 2020. Comitê da Lista de Morcegos do Brasil-CLMB. Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo de Quirópteros (Sbeq). ), a pattern reflected in our study. Phyllostomidae bats are most commonly captured in the understory with mist nets, the country’s most-used capturing method (Delgado-Jaramillo et al. 2020DELGADO-JARAMILLO, M., AGUIAR, L. M., MACHADO, R. B. & BERNARD, E. 2020. Assessing the distribution of a species-rich group in a continental-sized megadiverse country: Bats in Brazil. Divers. Distrib. 26(5):632-643. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13043
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13043...
). Families such as Molossidae and Vespertilionidae are also diverse, but they demand complementary methods to be registered (e.g., bioacoustics inventory), which is still rarely used in Brazil. Other species not registered in Goiás are likely to occur due to close records in the state’s frontiers, as the record of Pygoderma bilabiatum in the IBGE’s Reserve in the city of Brasília, Federal District (Schneider et al. 2011SCHNEIDER, M., ALHO, C.J.R. & AGUIAR, L.M.S. 2011. Contribuição da Reserva Ecológica do IBGE para o conhecimento da mastozoologia do bioma Cerrado. Reserva Biológica do IBGE - Biodiversidade Terrestre (M. Ribeiro, ed). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE.).

Regarding endemism, three species considered endemic to the dry diagonal of Brazil [Lonchophylla bokermanni, Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Cerrado), and Xeronycteris vieirai (Cerrado and Caatinga)] are found in Goiás (Aguiar et al. 2010AGUIAR, L.M.S., BRITO, D. & MACHADO, R. B. 2010. Do current vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) population control practices pose a threat to Dekeyser’s Nectar Bat’s (Lonchophylla dekeyseri) long-term persistence in the Cerrado? Acta Chiropterologica 12(2): 275-282.; Zortéa et al. 2017ZORTÉA, M., OPREA, M. & MENDES, P. 2017. Subfamília Lonchophyllinae Griffths, 1982. In História Natural dos Morcegos Brasileiros - Chave de Identificação de Espécies (N.R. Reis, A.L. Peracchi, C.B. Batista, I.P. Lima & A.D. Pereira, eds.). Editora Technical Books, Rio de Janeiro, p.173-189.; Dias & Oliveira 2020DIAS, D. & OLIVEIRA, M.B. 2020. First record of Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) for the Cerrado biome. Oecol. Aust. 24:696-703.).

We found registers of seven threatened bat species in Goiás, six of which are included in the Brazilian red list (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .): Furipterus horrens (Vulnerable), Natalus macrourus (Vulnerable), Glyphonycteris behnii (Vulnerable), Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Endangered), Lonchorhina aurita (Vulnerable), and Xeronycteris vieirai (Vulnerable). IUCN lists Lonchophylla dekeyseri and L. bokermanni as Endangered (Aguiar 2016AGUIAR, L. 2016. Lonchophylla bokermanni. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T12263A22038287.en> (1 July 2020).
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-...
; Aguiar & Bernard 2016AGUIAR, L. & BERNARD, E. 2016. Lonchophylla dekeyseri. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. <https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T12263A22038287.en> (1 July 2020).
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-...
), but the Brazilian red list does not include L. bokermanni in any threat category. Glyphonycteris behnii, X. vieirai, Eumops maurus and Vampyressa pusilla are classified as data deficient according to IUCN red list (IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
).

Despite the remarkable diversity of bats reported here, Goiás still stands out as one of the Brazilian states with the lowest bat sampling locations (Bernard et al. 2011BERNARD, E., AGUIAR, L.M.S. & MACHADO, R.B. 2011. Discovering the Brazilian bat fauna: a task for two centuries? Mammal Rev. 41:23-39.), thus it is indicated by Aguiar et al. (2020)AGUIAR, L.M.S., PEREIRA, M.J.R., ZORTÉA, M. & MACHADO, R.B. 2020. Where are the bats? An environmental complementarity analysis in a megadiverse country. Divers. Distrib. 2020;00:1-13. DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13137
https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13137...
as a priority area for bat inventories. Bat records are concentrated mainly in the southern and eastern portions of the state (Mambaí region) (Figure 1). The number of species can be higher, if we consider the lack of bioacoustic studies. For example, in addition to the 20 species recorded by Arias-Aguilar et al. (2018)ARIAS-AGUILAR, A., HINTZE, F., AGUIAR, L.M.S., RUFRAY, V., BERNARD, E. & PEREIRA, M.J.R. 2018. Who’s calling? Acoustic identification of Brazilian bats. Mammal Res. 63:231-253., several sonotypes were not identified by them, including complexes from several families.

Many of the Cerrado areas were converted into agriculture, especially soy monoculture, which reduced this domain to just 20% of the original area (Strassburg et al. 2017STRASSBURG, B.B.N. ET AL. 2017. Moment of truth for the Cerrado hotspot. Nature Ecology & Evolution 1:0099.). Goiás is home to a large portion of the Cerrado domain. Currently, the economy model based on agriculture affects bat assemblages changing habitat structure and leading to reduced shelter and food availability, which can potentially cause local and even permanent extinctions according to a climate modeling study (Aguiar et al. 2016AGUIAR, L.M.S., BERNARD, E., RIBEIRO, V., MACHADO, R.B. & JONES, G. 2016. Should I stay or should I go? Climate change effects on the future of Neotropical savannah bats. Global Ecol. Conserv. 5:22-33.). In addition, the reduction of habitat availability imposed by the expansion of agriculture contributes to the loss of environmental quality. This scenario favors the susceptibility of contact with pollutants in water resources, in the air, and in ingested food (Bayat et al. 2014BAYAT, S., GEISER, F., KRISTIANSEN, P. & WILSON, S.C. 2014. Organic contaminants in bats: trends and new issues. Environ. Int. 63:40-52.; Souza et al. 2020SOUZA, M.B. ET AL. 2020. Current status of ecotoxicological studies of bats in Brazil. B. Environ. Contam. Tox. 104:393-399.), which can jeopardize animal immune responses and increase the chances of contracting diseases, leading to the decline of bat populations (Naidoo et al. 2016NAIDOO, S., VOSLOO, D. & SCHOEMAN, M.C. 2016. Pollutant exposure at wastewater treatment works affects the detoxification organs of an urban adapter, the Banana Bat. Environ. Pollut. 208:830-839.; Miguel et al. 2019MIGUEL, P.H., KERCHES-ROGERI, P., NIEBUHR, B.B., CRUZ, R.A.S., RIBEIRO, M.C. & CRUZ-NETO A.P. 2019. Habitat amount partially affects physiological condition and stress level in Neotropical fruit-eating bats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. 237:110537.).

There are indications that the southern and southeastern parts of the Cerrado (including areas in Goiás) are potential regions of high habitat suitability for many bat species in a dispersion scenario motivated by climate change (Aguiar et al. 2016AGUIAR, L.M.S., BERNARD, E., RIBEIRO, V., MACHADO, R.B. & JONES, G. 2016. Should I stay or should I go? Climate change effects on the future of Neotropical savannah bats. Global Ecol. Conserv. 5:22-33.). This adds value to the region for long-term conservation of chiropterans and further emphasizes the need for inventory efforts and updating species richness and distribution in the state. These data are essential for elaborating effective landscape management strategies to guarantee the persistence of suitable habitats for bat species and their ecosystem services, such as pollination, agricultural pest predation, and seed dispersion.

5. Primates

We recorded four primate species in Goiás state, belonging to three genera and three families, which represents only 2.7% of this group diversity in the country (Jerusalinsky & Melo 2018JERUSALINSKY, L. & MELO, F.R.. 2018. Conservação de primatas no Brasil: perspectivas e desafios. In La primatología en Latinoamérica 2 - A primatologia na America Latina 2. Tomo I Argentina/Colombia (B. Urbani, M. Kowalewski, R.G.T. Cunha, S. De La Torre & L. Cortés-Ortiz, eds.). Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientí¬cas (IVIC), Caracas, p.161-186 ). In the Brazilian states, richness of primates varied from three (in Santa Cataria - Cherem et al. 2004CHEREM, J., SIMÕES-LOPES, P., ALTHOFF, S.L. & GRAIPEL, M.E. 2004. Lista dos mamíferos do estado de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil. Mastozool. Neotrop. 11:151-184.) to 25 species (Mato Grosso - Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.). Primate richness in the Cerrado is considered lower (5 spp.) compared to Amazon and Atlantic Forest (Paglia et al. 2012PAGLIA, A.P. ET AL. 2012. Lista anotada dos mamíferos do Brasil. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology.).

The four primate species recorded here are common in its geographical range. Alouatta caraya, Sapajus libidinosus and Callithrix penicillata are abundant in Goiás, and display great environmental plasticity, occuring even in urban fragments (Grande et al. 2020GRANDE, T.O., ALENCAR, R.M., RIBEIRO, P.P. & MELO, F.R. 2020. Fragment shape and size, landscape permeability and fragmentation level as predictors of primate occupancy in a region of Brazilian Cerrado. Acta Sci. 42:e48339.). Black-pencilled marmosets can reach high densities and be more common in degraded areas (Grande et al. 2020GRANDE, T.O., ALENCAR, R.M., RIBEIRO, P.P. & MELO, F.R. 2020. Fragment shape and size, landscape permeability and fragmentation level as predictors of primate occupancy in a region of Brazilian Cerrado. Acta Sci. 42:e48339.), and were not registered in protected areas such as Parque Nacional das Emas (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.), and Chapada dos Veadeiros (Ferreguetti et al. 2019FERREGUETTI, A.C., LESSA, I.C.M., VIEIRA, E.M., CUNHA, A.A. & BERGALLO, H.G. 2019. Medium- and large-sized mammal composition in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and adjacent areas, state of Goiás, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59:e20195942.). The geographical distribution of Sapajus cay reaches Goiás state (IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
), where it was recorded in Atlantic Forest enclaves in the municipalities of Aporé and Itajá, southwestern of the state (Calaça et al. 2018CALAÇA, A., FACHI, M., SILVA, D.A., OLIVEIRA, S.R. & MELO, F.R. 2018. Mammals recorded in isolated remnants of Atlantic Forest in southern Goiás, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 19:e20180575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2018-0575
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2...
; Gusmão et al. 2018GUSMÃO, A.C., OLIVEIRA, R.F., SILVA, O.D., MELO, F.R. & SANTOS-FILHO, S. 2018. An extension of the known geographic distribution of Sapajus cay (Illiger, 1815) (Primates, Cebidae) in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia. Check List 14:11-14.). Habitat loss has been the main threat for capuchin monkeys. In the last 48 years, the populations of S. cay declined about 30%, which led the species to be currently categorized as Vulnerable in the Brazilian red list (Rímoli et al. 2018RÍMOLI, J., MELO, F.R., DOS SANTOS, M.C. & LUDWIG, G. 2018. Sapajus cay (Illiger, 1815). In Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção (ICMBio/MMA, ed.). Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília, p.261-267.).

6. Carnivora

In Goiás state, richness of Carnivora order was extremely representative, with five families, 15 genera and 19 species. In comparative terms with Brazilian Carnivora richness, these data represent 53% of total species (36 spp., Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). When compared to other state lists, Goiás ranges around 90-95% of Carnivora species found in Mato Grosso (21 spp., Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.) and Mato Grosso do Sul states (20 spp., Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.). In contrast, Goiás holds two more Carnivora species than São Paulo (17 spp., Vivo et al. 2011VIVO, M. ET AL. 2011. Checklist dos mamíferos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11:0-21. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?i nventory+bn0071101a2011.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a...
), and six more than Amapá state (13 spp., Silva et al. 2013SILVA, C. R. ET AL. 2013. Mammals of Amapá State, Eastern Brazilian Amazonia: A revised taxonomic list with comments on species distributions. Mammalia 77:409-424.). The species found here correspond to 90% of carnivora mammals recorded for the Cerrado (21 spp., Paglia et al. 2012PAGLIA, A.P. ET AL. 2012. Lista anotada dos mamíferos do Brasil. Occasional Papers in Conservation Biology.).

Most carnivores species listed for Goiás present a large geographic distribution in Neotropical region (IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
). In the Cerrado domain, Cerdocyon thous, Chrysocyon brachyurus, Speothos venaticus, Leopardus pardalis, L. emiliae, L. wiedii, Herpailurus yagouaroundi, Puma concolor, Panthera onca, Nasua nasua, Procyon cancrivorus, Galictis cuja and Eira barbara occur in open and forested environments, covering several physiognomies (Juarez & Marinho-Filho 2002JUAREZ, K.M. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2002. Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric canids in central Brazil. J. Mammal. 83:925-933.; Marinho-Filho et al. 2002MARINHO-FILHO, J., RODRIGUES, F. & JUAREZ, K. 2002. The Cerrado mammals: diversity, ecology and natural history. In The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecology and natural history of a Neotropical savanna (P.S. Oliveira & R.J. Marquis, eds). Columbia University Press, New York, p.266-284; Leuchtenberger et al. 2013LEUCHTENBERGER, C., OLIVEIRA-SANTOS, L.G., MAGNUSSON, W. & MOURÃO, G. 2013. Space use by giant otter groups in the Brazilian Pantanal. J. Mammal. 94:320-330.; Lima et al. 2014LIMA, E.S., JORGE, M.L.S.P., JORGE, R.S.P. & MORATO, R.G. 2014. The bush dog Speothos venatius: area requirement and habitat use in cultivated lands. Oryx 49(1):64-70.). On the other hand, species such as Lontra longicaudis and Pteronura brasiliensis inhabit mainly forests (Leuchtenberger et al. 2013LEUCHTENBERGER, C., OLIVEIRA-SANTOS, L.G., MAGNUSSON, W. & MOURÃO, G. 2013. Space use by giant otter groups in the Brazilian Pantanal. J. Mammal. 94:320-330.), while Lycalopex vetulus, Leopardus braccatus and Conepatus amazonicus occur almost exclusively in open areas (Juarez & Marinho-Filho 2002JUAREZ, K.M. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2002. Diet, habitat use, and home ranges of sympatric canids in central Brazil. J. Mammal. 83:925-933.; Marinho-Filho et al. 2002MARINHO-FILHO, J., RODRIGUES, F. & JUAREZ, K. 2002. The Cerrado mammals: diversity, ecology and natural history. In The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecology and natural history of a Neotropical savanna (P.S. Oliveira & R.J. Marquis, eds). Columbia University Press, New York, p.266-284; Feijó & Langguth 2013FEIJÓ, A. & LANGGUTH, A. 2013. Mamíferos de Médio e Grande Porte do Nordeste do Brasil: Distribuição e Taxonomia, com Descrição de Novas Espécies. Rev. Nordest. Biol. 22 (1/2):3-225.; Nascimento et al. 2021NASCIMENTO, F.O., CHENG, J. & FEIJÓ, A. 2021. Taxonomic revision of the pampas cat Leopardus colocola complex (Carnivora: Felidae): an integrative approach, Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 191(2):575-611. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa043
https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa0...
). Recently, Miranda et al. (2018)MIRANDA, J.E.S., MELO, F.R., FACHI, M.B., OLIVEIRA, S.R. & UMETSU, R.K. 2018. New records of the Kinkajou, Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774) (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Cerrado. Check List 14:357-361. recorded an individual of Potos flavus roadkilled over a highway in southwest Goiás, adding a recent record for the state, and corroborating its presence for the Cerrado. The kinkajou occurs exclusively in forested habitats (Marinho-Filho et al. 2002MARINHO-FILHO, J., RODRIGUES, F. & JUAREZ, K. 2002. The Cerrado mammals: diversity, ecology and natural history. In The Cerrados of Brazil. Ecology and natural history of a Neotropical savanna (P.S. Oliveira & R.J. Marquis, eds). Columbia University Press, New York, p.266-284), and this individual was close to a forest, which reinforces the importance of conservation of these physiognomies in the Brazilian savanna (Miranda et al. 2018MIRANDA, J.E.S., MELO, F.R., FACHI, M.B., OLIVEIRA, S.R. & UMETSU, R.K. 2018. New records of the Kinkajou, Potos flavus (Schreber, 1774) (Mammalia, Carnivora) in the Cerrado. Check List 14:357-361.).

We recorded 47.4% 9 spp.) of carnivora categorized as vulnerable (C. brachyurus, L. vetulus, S. venaticus, L. braccatus, L. wiedii, P. onca, H. yagouaroundi, P. concolor and P. brasiliensis) according to the Brazilian Red List (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .). Carnivora is the most threatened Brazilian mammal group, being habitat destruction the biggest challenge for the conservation of these animals. In the Atlantic Forest, Carnivora species richness is affected by the amount of native vegetation cover (Regolin et al. 2017REGOLIN, A.L. ET AL. 2017. Forest cover influences occurrence of mammalian carnivores within Brazilian Atlantic Forest. J. Mammal. 98:1721-1731.). In the Cerrado, there is higher occupancy of C. brachyurus and P. concolor in strictly protected areas (Ferreira et al. 2020FERREIRA, G.B. ET AL. 2020. Strict protected areas are essential for the conservation of larger and threatened mammals in a priority region of the Brazilian Cerrado. Biol. Conserv. 251:108762.). Further, the conflict with humans (i.e., retaliation), roadkills, urbanization, fires and diseases are other concerns about Carnivora conservation (Beisiegel 2017BEISIEGEL, B.M. 2017. Cumulative environmental impacts and extinction risk of Brazilian carnivores. Oecol. Aust. 21:350-360.).

7. Perissodactyla

The lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) represents the unique species of Perissodactyla confirmed for Goiás. The species is widely distributed in Brazil and common in several regions of the state, recorded in open and forested environments, as well as in crop lands (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.; Cabral et al. 2017CABRAL, R., ZANIN, M., PORFÍRIO, G. & BRITO, D. 2017. Medium-sized to large mammals of Serra do Tombador, Cerrado of Brazil. Check List 13:1-6.; Oliveira et al. 2019OLIVEIRA, R.F., DE MORAIS, A.R. & TERRIBILE, L.C. 2019. Medium- and large-sized mammals in forest remnants of the southern Cerrado: Diversity and ecology. Neotropical Biol. Conserv. 14:29-42.). However, in southeastern Goiás, the presence of lowland tapir is rare, occurring only in landscapes with higher native habitat amount (Rocha et al. 2018ROCHA, E.C., BRITO, D., SILVA, P.M., SILVA, J., BERNARDO, P.V.S. & JUEN, L. 2018. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of medium and large mammal species in the Brazilian Savanna of Goiás State. Biota Neotrop. 18(3):e20170483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0483
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2...
). Lowland tapir is nationally and globally threatened, categorized as vulnerable (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .; IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
). According to the Brazilian red list (ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília .), T. terrestris reaches different threatened categories across the Brazilian domains (e.g., regionally extinct - Caatinga, endangered - Cerrado and Atlantic Forest, near threatened - Pantanal, and least concern - Amazon ) (Medici et al. 2018MEDICI, E.P. ET AL. 2018. Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758). In Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção - Volume II - Mamíferos (ICMBio/MMA, ed.). 2a. MMA, Brasília, p.59-67.). In the Brazilian Cerrado, agricultural expansion and consequent low percentage of native remnants are the highest threats to lowland tapir populations (Medici et al. 2012MEDICI, E.P. ET AL. 2012. Avaliação do risco de extinção da anta brasileira Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus, 1758, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 1:103-116.).

8. Cetartiodactyla

We recorded seven species of Cetartiodactyla for Goiás state, representing only 12% of the group species richness cited for Brazil (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). This richness is similar to those registered in other states of the country, with six species in Mato Grosso do Sul (Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.) and nine species in Mato Grosso (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.), but lower than richness found in other states that harbor aquatic mammal species (e.g., São Paulo, with 33 species - Vivo et al. 2011VIVO, M. ET AL. 2011. Checklist dos mamíferos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. 11:0-21. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?i nventory+bn0071101a2011.
http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a...
). Collared peccary and White-lipped peccary, species of Tayassuidae, present a wide geographical range in the Brazilian territory (Desbiez et al. 2012DESBIEZ, A.L.J. ET AL. 2012. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Cateto Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758, no Brasil. Biodiver. Bras. 1:74-83.; Keuroghlian et al. 2012KEUROGHLIAN, A. ET AL. 2012. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Queixada Tayassu pecari Link, 1795, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 1:84-102.). Dicotyles tajacu is more resistant to environmental degradation, managing to survive even in devastated areas (Sowls 1997SOWLS, L.K. 1997. Javelinas and other peccaries: their biology, management, and use. 20th edition. Texas A e M University Press, Texas.; Desbiez et al. 2012DESBIEZ, A.L.J. ET AL. 2012. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Cateto Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758, no Brasil. Biodiver. Bras. 1:74-83.), while Tayassu pecari in Brazil is classified as vulnerable (Keuroghlian et al. 2018KEUROGHLIAN, A. ET AL. 2018. Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795). In Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção (ICMBio/MMA, ed.). Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília, p.88-98). This species is in peril in regions most impacted by human action such as southeastern Goiás, where the most recent records date from approximately ten years ago (Keuroghlian et al. 2012KEUROGHLIAN, A. ET AL. 2012. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Queixada Tayassu pecari Link, 1795, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 1:84-102.).

Mazama americana and M. gouazoubira are considered common, occurring in all domains of Brazil, with the red brocket evaluated as data deficient, and the gray deer as least concern in the IUCN Red List (Duarte et al. 2012aDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012a. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Veado-mateiro Mazama americana Erxleben, 1777, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 33-41.; bDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012b. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Veado-catingueiro Mazama gouazoubira G. Fischer, 1814, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 50-58.; Duarte & Vogliotti 2016DUARTE, J.M.B & VOGLIOTTI, A. 2016. Mazama americana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29619A22154827. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29619A22154827.en. Downloaded on 07 March 2021.
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). Ozotoceros bezoarticus is classified as vulnerable in Brazil, due to population decline and geographical isolation (Gonzalez et al. 2010GONZÁLEZ, S. ET AL. 2010. Pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus 1758. In Neotropical Cervidology, Biology and Medicine of Latin American Deer (J.M.B. Duarte & S. Gonzalez, eds.). Funep/IUCN, p.119-132; Duarte et al. 2012cDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012c. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Veado-campeiro Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 20-32.; Duarte et al. 2018DUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2018. Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815). Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção (ICMBio/MMA, ed.). Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília.) and as near threatened in the IUCN Red List (González et al. 2016GONZÁLEZ, S., JACKSON III, J.J. & MERINO, M.L. 2016. Ozotoceros bezoarticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T15803A22160030. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T15803A22160030.en. Downloaded on 07 March 2021.
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). Despite being very common in some areas in the southwestern region of Goiás (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.), the subspecies Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus is considered vulnerable due to a 98% decrease in its distribution area, which depends on preserved open vegetation formations in the Cerrado (Weber & Gonzalez 2003WEBER, M. & GONZALEZ, S. 2003. Latin American deer diversity and conservation: A review of status and distribution. Ecoscience 10:443-.; Duarte & Gonzalez 2010DUARTE, J.M.B. & GONZALEZ, S. 2010. Neotropical Cervidology, Biology and Medicine of Latin American Deer. Funep/IUCN.; Duarte et al. 2012cDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012c. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Veado-campeiro Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 20-32.). Blastocerus dichotomus is the largest species of deer in Brazil, being classified as vulnerable in nacional and international red lists (Duarte et al. 2012dDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012d. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Cervo-do-pantanal. Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 3-11., 2016DUARTE, J.M.B & VOGLIOTTI, A. 2016. Mazama americana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T29619A22154827. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29619A22154827.en. Downloaded on 07 March 2021.
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, 2018DUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2018. Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815). Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção (ICMBio/MMA, ed.). Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília.). It inhabits floodplains of the great rivers and their affluents. The highest concentrations of marsh deer can be observed in the Pantanal and in the region of Ilha do Bananal in the Araguaia River (Tiepolo & Tomas 2009TIEPOLO, L.M. & TOMAS, W.M. 2009. Plano de Conservação para o cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus). In Planos de conservação para espécies de mamíferos ameaçadas (G. P. Vidolin, M. G. P. Tussolino & M. M. Britto, eds.). Instituto Ambiental do Paraná/Projeto Paraná Biodiversidade, Paraná, p.176-201.; Duarte et al. 2012dDUARTE, J.M.B. ET AL. 2012d. Avaliação do Risco de Extinção do Cervo-do-pantanal. Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815, no Brasil. Biodivers. Bras. 3-11.).

Inia araguaiaensis was recently described as a distinct species of Inia, being restricted to the Araguaia-Tocantins basin (Hrbek et al. 2014HRBEK, T., DA SILVA, V.M.F., DUTRA, N., GRAVENA, W., MARTIN, A.R. & FARIAS, I.P. 2014. A new species of river dolphin from Brazil or how little do we know our biodiversity. PLoS ONE 9:e83623.; Siciliano et al. 2016SICILIANO, S. ET AL. 2016. New genetic data extend the range of river dolphins Inia in the Amazon Delta. Hydrobiologia 777:255-269.). Although its status is not yet recognized by the IUCN and Ministério do Meio Ambiente (MMA), Hrbek et al. (2014)HRBEK, T., DA SILVA, V.M.F., DUTRA, N., GRAVENA, W., MARTIN, A.R. & FARIAS, I.P. 2014. A new species of river dolphin from Brazil or how little do we know our biodiversity. PLoS ONE 9:e83623. suggest the classification to be considered as vulnerable due to the great threats in its occurence area, such as agricultural and industrial development, and hydroelectric dams, that contributes to the fragmentation of populations.

9. Lagomorpha

The Lagomorpha order is represented by a single genus in Brazil, Sylvilagus, which was treated as monotypic, represented by S. brasiliensis with several subspecies until recently. Currently, this complex taxonomic history began to be elucidated based on phylogenetic relationships among South American populations. Ruedas et al. (2017)RUEDAS, L.A. ET AL. 2017. A prolegomenon to the systematics of the South American cottontail rabbits (Mammalia, Lagomorpha, Leporidae: Sylvilagus): designation of a neotype for S. brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758), and restoration of S. andinus (Thomas, 1897) and S. tapetillus Thomas,1913. Misc. Publi. Mus. Zool. 205:1-67. recognized at least three distinct species for the country: S. brasiliensis, S. minensis and S. tapetillus, with other taxonomic issues yet to be clarified (Silva et al. 2019bSILVA, S.M., RUEDAS, A.A., SANTOS, L.H., SILVA, J.J.S. & ALEIXO, A. 2019b. Illuminating the obscured phylogenetic radiation of South American Sylvilagus Gray, 1867 (Lagomorpha: Leporidae). J. Mammal. 100:31-44.). In Goiás state, only S. minensis is expected to occur (Bonvicino et al. 2015BONVICINO, C.R., MENEZES, A.N., LAZAR, A., PENNA-FIRME,V., BUENO, C., VIANA, M.C., D’ANDREA, P. S. & LANGGUTH, A. 2015. Chromosomes and phylogeography of Sylvilagus (MAMMALIA: LEPORIDAE) from eastern Brazil. Oeco. Austr. 19(1): 158-172.; Ruedas et al. 2017RUEDAS, L.A. ET AL. 2017. A prolegomenon to the systematics of the South American cottontail rabbits (Mammalia, Lagomorpha, Leporidae: Sylvilagus): designation of a neotype for S. brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758), and restoration of S. andinus (Thomas, 1897) and S. tapetillus Thomas,1913. Misc. Publi. Mus. Zool. 205:1-67.). In general, Brazilian cottontail rabbits are considered common, with a wide distribution and preference for edges of forest habitats, although they are also recorded in open environments, bamboo forests and disturbed areas (Emmons & Feer 1997EMMONS, L. & FEER, F. 1997. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals. A Field Guide. 2nd edition. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.; Silva Júnior et al. 2005SILVA, J.S.Jr., OLIVEIRA, J.A., DIAS, P.A. & OLIVEIRA, T.G. 2005. Update on the geographical distribution and habitat of the tapiti (Sylvilagus brasiliensis; Lagomorpha; Leporidae) in the Brazilian Amazon. Mammalia 69:245-250.; Borges et al. 2014BORGES, L.H.M., CALOURO, A.M., BOTELHO, A.L.M., & SILVEIRA, M. 2014. Diversity and habitat preference of medium and large-sized mammals in an urban forest fragment of southwestern Amazon. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 104:168-174.; Dias et al. 2019DIAS, D.M., ALMEIDA, M.O.S., ARAÚJO-PIOVEZAN, T.G. & DANTAS, J.O. 2019. Spatiotemporal ecology of two Neotropical herbivorous mammals. Pap. Avulsos de Zool. (São Paulo) 59:e20195910.). Sylvilagus minensis was one of the most common medium-large mammal species recorded in fragmented areas of the southwestern region of the state (Gomes et al. 2015GOMES, L.P., ROCHA, C.R., BRANDÃO, R.A. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2015. Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 15:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0033
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; Rocha et al. 2018ROCHA, E.C., BRITO, D., SILVA, P.M., SILVA, J., BERNARDO, P.V.S. & JUEN, L. 2018. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of medium and large mammal species in the Brazilian Savanna of Goiás State. Biota Neotrop. 18(3):e20170483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0483
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), being associated with forest environments (Gomes et al. 2015GOMES, L.P., ROCHA, C.R., BRANDÃO, R.A. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2015. Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 15:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0033
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). However, the species was not recorded in some conservation units, such as the Parque Nacional das Emas (Rodrigues et al. 2002RODRIGUES, F.H.G. ET AL. 2002. Composição e caracterização da fauna de mamíferos do Parque Nacional das Emas, Goiás, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 19:589-600.) and the Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros (Ferreguetti et al. 2019FERREGUETTI, A.C., LESSA, I.C.M., VIEIRA, E.M., CUNHA, A.A. & BERGALLO, H.G. 2019. Medium- and large-sized mammal composition in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and adjacent areas, state of Goiás, Brazil. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 59:e20195942.), which present a predominance of shrublands. Due to recent taxonomic rearrangements, S. minensis has not yet been evaluated by the IUCN and MMA.

10. Rodentia

A total of 29 genera and 43 species, belonging to six rodent families, occur in Goiás state. These species and families are divided in two infraorders (sensuD’Elía et al. 2019D’ELÍA, G., FABRE, P-H. & LESSA, E. 2019. Rodent systematics in an age of discovery: recent advances and prospects. J. Mammal. 100:852-871.), as follows: infraorder Hystricognathi, including the families Caviidae (4 spp.), Cuniculidae 1 sp.), Dasyproctidae (2 spp.), Echimyidae (6 spp.), and Erethizontidae (1 sp.); and infraorder Myomorphi, represented only by the family Cricetidae (29 spp.). The total number of species represents ca. 16% of the 258 rodent species of Brazil (Quintela et al. 2020QUINTELA, F.M., DA ROSA, C.A. & FEIJÓ, A. 2020. Updated and annotated checklist of recent mammals from Brazil. An Acad. Bras. Cienc. 92:1-57.). This richness is comparable to that found in other Brazilian states (e.g., Rio de Janeiro state - 49 spp.; Rocha et al. 2004ROCHA, C.F.D. ET AL. 2004. Fauna de anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Publ. Avulsas Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 104:3-23.), which ranges from 33 species in Mato Grosso do Sul (Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.) to 67 species in Mato Grosso state (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.). Below we describe the rodent richness in both infraorders.

10. 1. Hystricognathi

Seven rodent families represent the infraorder Hystricognathi in Brazil, being five of them found in Goiás state. Among these families, we account a total richness of 12 genera and 14 species, distributed as described above. Comparing to other states of central-western Brazil, this richness fits in a range of nine genera and 10 species in Mato Grosso do Sul (Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.) to 15 genera and 20 species in Mato Grosso state (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.).

Concerning the general distribution patterns in Goiás state, 64% (9 spp.) of the Hystricognathi species are forest vegetation inhabitants, with six species widely distributed (i.e., Cavia aperea, Coendou prehensilis, Cuniculus paca, Dasyprocta azarae, Dasyprocta leporina, and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), occurring on the forested environments of the Cerrado, as well as in other domains of Brazil, especially in the Atlantic Forest (Patton et al. 2015PATTON, J.L., PARDIÑAS, U.F.J. & D’ELÍA, G. 2015. Mammals of South America, vol 2. Rodents. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.). Two exceptions regarding widely distributional ranges are Cavia aperea, which has no records in Amazon (Dunnum 2015DUNNUM, J.L. 2015. Family Caviidae G. Fischer, 1817. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.690-725.), and Dasyprocta leporina, with no records in Pantanal and Caatinga (Patton & Emmons 2015PATTON, J.L. & EMMONS, L.H. 2015. Family Dasyproctidae Bonaparte, 1838. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.733-761.). Three species with restricted range distribution in the state also inhabit forested formations, being two species only shared between Cerrado and Amazon (i.e., Dactylomys dactylinus - Bezerra et al. 2007BEZERRA, A.M.R., DA SILVA JR, N.J. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2007. Dactylomys dactylinus (Rodentia: Echimyidae) in Cerrado of Central Brazil and the role of gallery forests in its distribution. Biota Neotrop. 7:235-237. http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v7n1/pt/abstract?short-communication+bn03507012007
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, and Proechimys roberti - Patton & Leite 2015PATTON, J.L. & LEITE, R.N. 2015. Genus Proechimys JA Allen, 1899. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.950-988.), and one species shared among Cerrado, Pantanal, and Amazon (i.e., Proechimys longicaudatus - Patton & Leite 2015PATTON, J.L. & LEITE, R.N. 2015. Genus Proechimys JA Allen, 1899. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.950-988.).

Species occurring in open vegetation domains account for 36% of the total (5 spp., i.e., Galea spixii, Carterodon sulcidens, Clyomys laticeps, Kerodon acrobata, and Thrichomys pachyurus). In this group, we have the only Hystricognathi species found in Goiás state that are Cerrado endemics (3 spp.): Carterodon sulcidens, distributed in eastern Goiás (Bezerra et al. 2011BEZERRA, A.M.R., MARINHO-FILHO, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2011. A review of the distribution, morphology, and habit of the Owl’s Spiny Rat Carterodon sulcidens (Lund, 1841) (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Zool. Stud. 50:566-576.); Kerodon acrobata, restricted to north and northeastern Goiás (Moojen et al. 1997MOOJEN, J., LOCK, M. & LANGGUTH, A. 1997. A new species of Kerodon Cuvier, 1824 from the state of Goiás (Mammalia, Rodentia, Caviidae). Bol. Mus. Nac., Nova Sér. Zool. 377:1-10.; Bezerra et al. 2010BEZERRA, A.M.R., BONVICINO, C.R., MENEZES, A.A.N. & MARINHO FILHO, J. 2010. Endemic climbing cavy Kerodon acrobata (Rodentia: Caviidae: Hydrochoerinae) from dry forest patches in the Cerrado domain: new data on distribution, natural history, and morphology. Zootaxa 2724:29-36.; Zappes et al. 2014ZAPPES, I.A., PORTELLA, A.S. & LESSA, G.M. 2014. Description of karyotype of Kerodon acrobata, an endemic rodent in Brazilian Cerrado. Braz. J. Biol. 74:251-256.); and Thrichomys pachyurus, ranging throughout Goiás, except the southern end of the state (Nascimento et al. 2013NASCIMENTO, F.F., LAZAR, A., MENEZES, A.N., MATTA DURANS, A, MOREIRA, J.C., SALAZAR- BRAVO, J., D’ANDREA, P.S. & BONVICINO, C R. 2013. The role of historical barriers in the diversification process in open vegetation formations during the Miocene/Pliocene using an ancient rodent lineage as a model. PLos ONE 8(4):e61924.; Bonvicino et al. 2020BONVICINO, C.R., SOARES, V.A., SAMPAIO, R.C. & BEZERRA, A.M.R. 2020. Guia dos mamíferos não voadores do Jardim Botânico de Brasília, DF, Brasil. Heringeriana, série Biodiversidades. - specimens with 2n =30, FNa= 56). In regards to the remaining two species, one is shared between Cerrado and Caatinga (Galea spixii - Bezerra 2008BEZERRA, A.M.R. 2008. Revisão taxonômica do gênero Galea Meyen, 1832 (Rodentia, Caviidae, Caviinae). Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.), and the other between Cerrado and Pantanal (Clyomys laticeps - Bezerra & Oliveira 2010BEZERRA, A.M.R. & OLIVEIRA, J.A. 2010. Taxonomic implications of cranial morphometric variation in the genus Clyomys Thomas 1916 (Rodentia: Echimyidae). J. Mammal. 91:260-272.).

Regarding the conservation status, two species are considered under some threaten level. The narrowly distributed species Kerodon acrobata, figures as vulnerable at Brazilian red list, and as data deficient in the IUCN, due mainly to habitat loss and illegal hunt, since it is a game species (Bezerra et al. 2010BEZERRA, A.M.R. & OLIVEIRA, J.A. 2010. Taxonomic implications of cranial morphometric variation in the genus Clyomys Thomas 1916 (Rodentia: Echimyidae). J. Mammal. 91:260-272., Roach 2016ROACH, N. 2016. Kerodon acrobata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136222A22190183. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136222A22190183.en. Downloaded on 08 March 2021.
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). The second species, Dasyprocta azarae, is classified as data deficient in the IUCN Red List, but faces population decline tendency due to decreasing number of mature individuals, habitat loss and ilegal hunt (Catzeflis et al. 2016CATZEFLIS, F., PATTON, J., PERCEQUILLO, A. & WEKSLER, M. 2016. Dasyprocta azarae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T6278A22198654. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6278A22198654.en. Downloaded on 08 March 2021.
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).

There are some taxa needing taxonomic review. Galea spixii have proven to be a species complex, composed of distinct morphological groups, and needs to be studied based on molecular data, including the description and redescription of some taxa (Bezerra 2008BEZERRA, A.M.R. 2008. Revisão taxonômica do gênero Galea Meyen, 1832 (Rodentia, Caviidae, Caviinae). Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.; Dunnum 2015DUNNUM, J.L. 2015. Family Caviidae G. Fischer, 1817. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.690-725.); G. flavidens (Brandt, 1835) listed for Goiás by Bonvicino et al. (2005)BONVICINO, C.R., LEMOS, B. & WEKSLER, M. 2005. Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of central Brazil): ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations. Braz. J. Biol. 65(3): 395-406., is not considered here since it has no designated holotype, and “Brasil” as type locality (Brandt 1835), and can be considered a synonym of the fossil species Cavia bilobidens (Winge, 1888), which is considered related to G. spixii (Paula Couto 1950, Bezerra 2008BEZERRA, A.M.R. 2008. Revisão taxonômica do gênero Galea Meyen, 1832 (Rodentia, Caviidae, Caviinae). Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília.); Proechimys is the most speciose genus of the family Echimyidae and needs revision in both molecular and morphological grounds, including here the represented species groups P. longicaudatus and P. guyannensis, which includes P. longicaudatus and P. roberti, respectively (Patton & Leite 2015PATTON, J.L. & LEITE, R.N. 2015. Genus Proechimys JA Allen, 1899. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.950-988.).

10.2. Myomorphi

The highly diverse infraorder Myomorphi is represented in Brazil by the family Cricetidae, subfamily Sigmodontinae (Patton et al. 2015PATTON, J.L., PARDIÑAS, U.F.J. & D’ELÍA, G. 2015. Mammals of South America, vol 2. Rodents. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.). We recorded 17 genera and 29 species for Goiás state, belonging to five tribes (sensuSalazar-Bravo et al. 2016SALAZAR-BRAVO, J., PARDIÑAS, U.F.J., ZEBALLOS, H. & TETA, P. 2016. Description of a new tribe of sigmodontine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) with an updated summary of valid tribes and their generic contents. Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 338:1-23.): Akodontini (6 spp.), Oryzomyini (18 spp.), Phyllotini (2 spp.), Thomasomyini (2 spp.), and Wiedomyini 1 sp.). This number of sigmodontine species is similar to the ones found in other Brazilian states, such as Rio de Janeiro, with 32 species (Rocha et al. 2004ROCHA, C.F.D. ET AL. 2004. Fauna de anfíbios, répteis e mamíferos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Publ. Avulsas Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro 104:3-23.), and Mato Grosso do Sul, with 22 species (Tomas et al. 2017TOMAS, W. M. ET AL. 2017. Checklist of mammals from mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia - Ser. Zool. 107. e2017155.), but is lower than that found in Mato Grosso state, with 42 species (Brandão et al. 2019BRANDÃO, M.V., GARBINO, G.S.T., SEMEDO, T.B.F., FEIJÓ, A., NASCIMENTO, F.O., FERNANDES-FERREIRA, H., ROSSI, R.V., DALPONTE, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Mammals of Mato Grosso, Brazil: Annotated species list and historical review. Mastozool. Neotrop. 26:263-307.).

In relation to general distribution patterns, 10% (3 spp.) of Cricetidae species are widely distributed and are shared between the Cerrado and forested domains such as the Amazon and Atlantic Forests. This is the case of Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys rattus, and Pseudoryzomys simplex. Species occurring in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest domains represent 38% (11 spp., Akodon gr. cursor, Calomys tener, Cerradomys subflavus, Oecomys catherinae, Oligoryzomys mattogrossae, Oligoryzomys rupestris, Oligoryzomys stramineus, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oxymycterus dasytrichus, Rhipidomys macrurus and Rhipidomys mastacalis), and in Cerrado and Amazon, 14% (4 spp., Cerradomys maracajuensis, Hylaeamys megacephalus, Neacomys amoenus and Oecomys roberti). The remaining species, 24% (7 spp.), are Cerrado endemics (Cerradomys marinhus, Euryoryzomys lamia, Holochilus sciureus [sensu Prado et al. 2021PRADO, J.R., KNOWLES, L.L. & PERCEQUILLO, A.R. 2021. New species boundaries and the diversification history of marsh rat taxa clarify historical connections among ecologically and geographically distinct wetlands of South America. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 155 (2021) 106992.], Oecomys cleberi, Oligoryzomys moojeni, Thalpomys cerradensis and Wiedomys cerradensis) or are shared between Cerrado and other open formations, such as Chaco, Pampas or Caatinga, representing 14% (4 spp., Calomys expulsus, Cerradomys scotii, Kunsia tomentosus and Oxymycterus delator).

Some species are known from only one locality in Goiás, as is the case of: Cerradomys maracajuensis, recorded at Serranópolis, southern Goiás; Kunsia tomentosus, recorded only at Parque Nacional das Emas, in southwestern Goiás; Neacomys amoenus, recorded in Baliza, at western Goiás; Oligoryzomys rupestris, a species with a disjunct distributional range, and endemic to highly elevated rupestrian grasslands, recorded in Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros at northern Goiás; Akodon gr. cursor, Oecomys roberti and Oxymycterus dasytrichus, all recorded only in the region known as ‘Mato Grosso de Goiás’ at the central portion of Goiás state; and Wiedomys cerradensis, recorded in São Domingos, eastern Goiás. Other species, typical of forested formations, also have few records in the state, such as Euryoryzomys lamia, restricted to eastern Goiás.

Here we provide the first published records for Akodon gr. cursor and Oecomys roberti based on examined material housed at scientific collections. These records are for Anápolis (Akodon gr. cursor) and Petrolina de Goiás (Oecomys roberti) (see Carmignotto, 2005CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.; Table 1 - present study).

Among the abovementioned species, five are classified under some threaten category, being two of them classified as endangered in the Brazilian red list (Euryoryzomys lamia and Oligoryzomys rupestris) and one as vulnerable (Thalpomys cerradensis). The IUCN red list accounts for four species, being three classified as data deficient (Oecomys cleberi, Oligoryzomys moojeni, Oligoryzomys rupestris) and one as vulnerable (Euryoryzomys lamia). Among the cricetid rodents of Goiás state, the later species, Euryoryzomys lamia is included in the more severe threaten categories of both Brazilian and IUCN red lists. This species has occupancy area of less than 2,000 km2 and is known from only four locations, two of them are already completely destroyed due to agriculture (Percequillo & Weksler 2018PERCEQUILLO, A. & WEKSLER, M. 2018. Euryoryzomys lamia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T15602A739675. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T15602A739675.en. Downloaded on 08 March 2021.
https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-...
). All threatened and data deficient species have in common the relatively small distribution, habitat loss due to convertion for agribusiness, and a few or no population study (see ICMBio/MMA 2018ICMBio/MMA. 2018. Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Amaeaçada de Extinção, Volume II - Mamíferos. 1. ed. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília ., IUCN 2020IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. <https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-species> (1 October 2020).
https://www.iucnredlist.org/amazing-spec...
).

There are some species needing taxonomic review: Rhipidomys macrurus and Rhipidomys mastacalis have proven to be species complexes, composed of taxa morphologically similar, but distinct at molecular levels (Costa et al. 2011COSTA, B.M.A., GEISE, L., PEREIRA, L.G. & COSTA, L.P. 2011. Phylogeography of Rhipidomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) and description of two new species from southeastern Brazil. J. Mammal. 92:945-962.; Lanes 2020LANES, R. 2020. Análise Filogenética e Citogenética do gênero Rhipidomys Tschudi, 1845 (Rodentia, Cricetidae). Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.), as well as Oecomys catherinae (Suárez-Villota et al. 2018SUÁREZ-VILLOTA, E.Y., CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BRANDÃO, M.V., PERCEQUILLO, A.R. & SILVA, M.J.J. 2018. Systematics of the genus Oecomys (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini): molecular phylogenetic, cytogenetic and morphological approaches reveal cryptic species. Zool. J. Linn. Society 184:182-210.). So, specimens from Goiás cited as Oecomys trinitatis by Carleton and Musser (2015)CARLETON, M.D. & MUSSER, G.G. 2015. Genus Oecomys Thomas, 1906. In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.393-416. and as Oecomys rex by Costa (2001)COSTA, L.P. 2001. Phylogeographic studies on neotropical small mammals. PhD Dissertation. University of Califórnia, Berkeley., as well as those cited as Oecomys sp.1 (2n = 60), O. trinitatis (2n = 54) and Oecomys gr. catherinae (morphological data) by Carmignotto (2005)CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2005. Pequenos mamíferos terrestres do bioma Cerrado: padrões faunísticos locais e regionais. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo., refer to O. catherinae species complex of Suárez-Villota et al. (2018)SUÁREZ-VILLOTA, E.Y., CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BRANDÃO, M.V., PERCEQUILLO, A.R. & SILVA, M.J.J. 2018. Systematics of the genus Oecomys (Sigmodontinae: Oryzomyini): molecular phylogenetic, cytogenetic and morphological approaches reveal cryptic species. Zool. J. Linn. Society 184:182-210., represented by at least two distinct lineages in the state. A specimen (MN 36150 from 55 km N Niquelândia, GO) cited by Andrades-Miranda et al. (2000)ANDRADES-MIRANDA, J., ZANCHIN, N.I.T., OLIVEIRA, L.F.B., LANGGUTH, A.R. & MATTEVI, M.S. 2000. Cytogenetic studies in nine taxa of the genus Oryzomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from Brazil. Mammalia 65(4): 461-472. with 2n = 60 and FNa = 64, and treated as Hylaeamys yunganus (see also Moreira et al. 2020MOREIRA, C.N., VENTURA, K., PERCEQUILLO, A.R. & YONENAGA-YASSUDA, Y. 2020. A review on the cytogenetics of the tribe Oryzomyini (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), with the description of new karyotypes. Zootaxa 4876 (1): 001-111.), was not included in the present checklist, since the voucher material was not examined by us nor other authors working with this genus (Prado & Percequillo 2013PRADO, J.R. & PERCEQUILLO, A.R. 2013. Geographic distribution of the genera of the Tribe Oryzomyini (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in South America: patterns of distribution and diversity. Arq. Zool. 44 (1): 1-120.; Percequillo 2015PERCEQUILLO, A.R. 2015. Genus Hylaeamys Weksler, Percequillo, and Voss, 2006 In Mammals of South America, Vol 2, Rodents (J.L. Patton, U.F.J. Pardiñas & G. D’Elía, eds.). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, p.335-346.), being its taxonomic identity waiting to be confirmed.

The rodent fauna of Goiás state is also a composite, characterized by inhabitants of forested and open formations due to the presence of a vegetation mosaic (grasslands, shrublands, and forests) typical of the Cerrado domain (Carmignotto et al. 2012CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., VIVO, M. & LANGGUTH, A. 2012. Mammals of the Cerrado and Caatinga: distribution patterns of the tropical open biomes of Central South America. In Bones, Clones, and Biomes: The History and Geography of Recent Neotropical Mammals (B.D. Patterson & L.P. Costa, eds.). University of Chicago, Chigago, p.307-350), and also by the presence of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest remnants that still persist in the state (Ribeiro & Walter 2008RIBEIRO, J.F. & WALTER, B.M.T. 2008. As principais fitofisionomias do bioma Cerrado. In Cerrado: ecologia e flora (S.M. Sano, ed). Embrapa-CPAC, Planaltina, p.151-212.; IBGE 2011IBGE. 2011. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Mapa de Vegetação da Folha SD 22. IBGE. <http://servicodados.ibge.gov.br/dowload.ashx?u=geoftp.ibge.gov.br/mapeamento_sistematico/banco_de_dados_georreferenciado_recursos_naturais/latlong/sd_22/vegetacao.zip.>.
http://servicodados.ibge.gov.br/dowload....
). The connection between the Atlantic Forest and Amazon through forest formations of the Cerrado is already described (Costa 2003COSTA, L.P. 2003. The historical bridge between the Amazon and the forest of Brazil a study of molecular phylogeography with small mammals. J. Biogeogr. 30:71-86.), as well as the mammal fauna shared between Cerrado and Caatinga (Carmignotto et al. 2012CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., VIVO, M. & LANGGUTH, A. 2012. Mammals of the Cerrado and Caatinga: distribution patterns of the tropical open biomes of Central South America. In Bones, Clones, and Biomes: The History and Geography of Recent Neotropical Mammals (B.D. Patterson & L.P. Costa, eds.). University of Chicago, Chigago, p.307-350). Richest rodent communities were found in conservation units, such as the Parque Nacional das Emas (13 spp., Carmignotto et al. 2014CARMIGNOTTO, A.P., BEZERRA, A.M.R. & RODRIGUES, F.H.G. 2014. Nonvolant small mammals from a southwestern area of Brazilian Cerrado: diversity, habitat use, seasonality, and biogeography. Therya 5:535-558.) and the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (14 spp., Bonvicino et al. 2002BONVICINO, C.R., LINDBERGH, S.M. & MAROJA, L.S. 2002. Small non-flying mammals from conserved and altered areas of Atlantic forest and Cerrado: comments on their potential use for monitoring environment. Braz. J. Biol. 62:765-774., 2005BONVICINO, C.R., LEMOS, B. & WEKSLER, M. 2005. Small mammals of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (Cerrado of central Brazil): ecologic, karyologic, and taxonomic considerations. Braz. J. Biol. 65(3): 395-406.), as well as in regions under hydroelectric dam projects, such as the Serra do Facão dam reservoir (16 spp., Gomes et al. 2015GOMES, L.P., ROCHA, C.R., BRANDÃO, R.A. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2015. Mammal richness and diversity in Serra do Facão region, Southeastern Goiás state, central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 15:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2015-0033
https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-201...
) and the Serra da Mesa dam reservoir (12 spp., Carmignotto 2019CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Effects of damming on a small mammal assemblage in Central Brazil Cerrado. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool. 85:63-73.), at southeastern and northeastern of Goiás state, respectively. Furthermore, a significant number of species is also found in areas of extensive cattle ranching intermixed with natural landscapes, such as the Cadoz farm (11 spp., Bonvicino et al. 2011BONVICINO, C.R., PENNA-FIRME, V., TEIXEIRA, B.R. & CARAMASCHI, F.P. 2011. Pequenos mamíferos não voadores (Rodentia, Didelphimorphia) de uma localidade do Cerrado do estado de Goiás. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool. 61:8-14.) and Vão dos Bois farm (9 spp., Bonvicino et al. 2002BONVICINO, C.R., LINDBERGH, S.M. & MAROJA, L.S. 2002. Small non-flying mammals from conserved and altered areas of Atlantic forest and Cerrado: comments on their potential use for monitoring environment. Braz. J. Biol. 62:765-774.), in northeastern Goiás state. Besides the relevant richness present in conservation units, endemic and rare species were also recorded in regions affected by hydroelectric reservoirs, where it was observed a high diversity loss due to landscape flooding (e.g., Carmignotto 2019CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2019. Effects of damming on a small mammal assemblage in Central Brazil Cerrado. Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool. 85:63-73.), highlighting the real need for strategic efforts to conserve rodent communities of Goiás state.

10.3. Potential rodent species in Goiás state

Among potential species which could occur in the state, we speculate that in the central region of Goiás it is possible to find records of Akodon lindberghi, Gyldenstolpia planaltensis, Thalpomys lasiotis and Phyllomys centralis. These species have been recorded in Federal District of Brazil, which is within Goiás state, and neighboring federative unities such as Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais states (Andrade et al. 2004ANDRADE, A.F.B., BONVICINO, C.R., BRIANI, D.C. & KASAHARA, S. 2004. Karyologic diversification and phylogenetics relationships of the genus Thalpomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae). Acta Theriol. 49(2):181-190.; Ribeiro & Marinho-Filho 2005RIBEIRO, R. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2005. Estrutura da comuniddae de pequenos mamíferos (Mammalia, Rodentia) da Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 22:898-907.; Bezerra 2011BEZERRA, A.M.R., MARINHO-FILHO, J. & CARMIGNOTTO, A.P. 2011. A review of the distribution, morphology, and habit of the Owl’s Spiny Rat Carterodon sulcidens (Lund, 1841) (Rodentia: Echimyidae). Zool. Stud. 50:566-576.; Machado et al. 2018MACHADO, L.F., LOSS, A.C., PAZ, A., VIEIRA, E.M., RODRIGUES, F.P. & MARINHO-FILHO, J. 2018. Phylogeny and biogeography of Phyllomys (Rodentia, Echimyidae) reveal a new species from the Cerrado, and suggest Miocene connections of the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. J. Mammal. 99:377-396.).

Conclusions

Goiás state harbors a rich mammalian fauna, especially for bats, rodents, carnivores, and marsupials. Regardless of state geographical size, the number of species listed for Goiás is higher than the listed for other Brazilian states, except for Mato Grosso and São Paulo. The mammalian fauna of Goiás is characterized by inhabitants of open (e.g. Cerrado and Caatinga) and forested environments (e.g., Amazon and Atlantic Forest), due to the presence of a vegetation mosaic in the Cerrado domain. Gallery forests and semideciduous forests contribute to mammal richness in central Brazil, and habitat selectivity seems to be more evident for small mammals. Medium and large-sized mammals tend to be more generalists in terms of habitat and are widely distributed across Goiás state.

Another pattern found here is that the studies reporting largest numbers of mammal species for Goiás state were carried out in conservation units, and some species have been found only inside these protected areas. Thus, we highlight the need to increment the number of conservation units in the state, especially regarding the central and southeastern portion of Goiás, which was once represented by a large area part of Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion, but now is represented by few, scattered and small remnants, with no conservation units (Giustina et al. 2018GIUSTINA, C.C.D., SILVA, S.D. & MARTINS, E.S. 2018. Geographic reconstruction of a Central-West Brazilian landscape devastated during the first half of the 20th century: Mato Grosso de Goiás. Sustentabilidade em Debate 9:44-63.). We also conclude that there are still great portions of the state lacking a proper mammal survey. There is scant and fragmented information about mammals based on specimens housed in scientific collections, especially from the northwestern portion of Goiás. Thus, the increase in the number of inventories in the state, including complementary survey techniques (see Srbek-Araujo & Chiarello 2004SRBEK-ARAUJO, A.C. & CHIARELLO, A.G. 2004. Is camera-trapping an efficient method for surveying mammals in Neotropical forests? A case study in south-eastern Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol. 21:121-125.; Bovendorp et al. 2017BOVENDORP, R.S., MCCLEERY, R.A. & GALETTI, M. 2017. Optimising sampling methods for small mammal communities in Neotropical rainforests. Mammal Rev. 47:148-158.; Arias-Aguilar et al. 2018ARIAS-AGUILAR, A., HINTZE, F., AGUIAR, L.M.S., RUFRAY, V., BERNARD, E. & PEREIRA, M.J.R. 2018. Who’s calling? Acoustic identification of Brazilian bats. Mammal Res. 63:231-253.), and the collection of vouchers and tissue samples to provide correct species delimitation and identification, will allow a better understanding on the biodiversity and conservation of mammals in Goiás state.

Acknowledgments

The curators and curator assistents Robert S. Voss (AMNH), João A. Oliveira and Stella M. Franco (MN/UFRJ), Mario de Vivo and Juliana Gualda (MZUSP), Bárbara Costa (UFMG), Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela (UFPB), Jader Marinho-Filho and Pedro de Podestà (UnB and CMVUNB). MZ, AMC and DAS thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG within the scope of the Jataí PELD project (Process # 15/2017-10267000329) and to D. Sampaio, for confirming a record. ARB received research fellowships from CNPq [BJT 372459/2013-7, DCR 300461/2016-0, PCI-DA 300670/2019-2]; APC thanks Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP (Processes ##00/06642-4, #2011/20022-3); CRB granted a project CNPq (BJT 402176/2012-0) and research grants [CNPq 304498/2014 and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ E26/2014].

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  • Erratum

    In the article "Checklist of mammals from Goiás, central Brazil", with the DOI code number: https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2020-1173, published at Biota Neotropica 21(3): e20201173, on:
    Table 1, page 6, column "Record", where it was written:
    1, 2, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19-25 and 77 [MN 55699, UnB 1603-UnB1607]
    Should read:
    1, 2, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19-25 and 77 [MN 53699, UnB 1603-UnB 1607]
    Table 1, page 9, column "Record", where it was written:
    12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 79, 99 [MN 43003, UnB 2636]
    Should read:
    12, 17, 19, 22, 23, 79, 99 [MN 43004, UnB 2636]
    Table 1, page 10, column "Record", where it was written:
    6 [MN 2615, MN 22583, MZUSP 25304]
    Should read:
    6 [MN 2615, MN 22853, MZUSP 25304]
    Table 1, page 10, column "Record", where it was written:
    105, 106, 112 [MN 437, AMNH 134562]
    Should read:
    105, 106, 112 [MN 32445, AMNH 134562]
    Table 1, page 10, column "Record", where it was written:
    13 [MN 62579, UnB 1706]
    Should read:
    13 [MN 62570, UnB 1706]
    Table 1, page 10, column "Record", where it was written:
    91, 113 [MN 62174]
    Should read:
    91, 113 [MN 62179]
    Table 1, page 10, column "Record", where it was written:
    3, 13, 79, 92, 104,108 [MN 67089]
    Should read:
    3, 13, 79, 92, 104,108 [MN 67086]
    Table 1, page 11, column "Record", where it was written:
    1, 3, 106 [UnB 2084, MN 46619, MN 71657]
    Should read:
    1, 3, 106 [CRB 1115, UNB 1174, UNB 1180]

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    12 July 2021
  • Date of issue
    2021

History

  • Received
    12 Nov 2020
  • Reviewed
    07 May 2021
  • Accepted
    11 May 2021
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