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Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from state of Bahia, Brazil

Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

Leptophlebiidae is the family with the most diversity of species and wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. There are 95 species of Leptophlebiidae recorded in Brazil, but for the state of Bahia there are only 21 species. A check list and new records of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) are presented to the State of Bahia. A total of 16 genera and 40 species of Leptophlebiidae were identified on this study. The species Fittkaulus cururuensis, Hylister obliquus, Miroculis (atroari) duckensis and Miroculis (Ommaethus) froehlichi are reported for the first time to the State of Bahia, increasing the number of Leptophlebiidae species from 21 to 25. Now, the Bahia is one of the states with the largest number of Leptophlebiidae species records, behind only of the state of Espírito Santo which has 26 species of this family.

Keywords:
Neotropical; Northeastern; Check List

Resumo

Leptophlebiidae é a família com maior diversidade de espécies e com maior distribuição no Hemisfério Sul. Existem 95 espécies de Leptophlebiidae registradas no Brasil, mas no estado da Bahia existem apenas 21 espécies. Uma lista e os novos registros de Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) são apresentados ao Estado da Bahia. Um total de 16 gêneros e 40 espécies de Leptophlebiidae foram identificadas neste trabalho. As espécies Fittkaulus cururuensis, Hylister obliquus, Miroculis (atroari) duckensis e Miroculis (Ommaethus) froehlichi são relatadas pela primeira vez no Estado da Bahia, aumentando o número de espécies de Leptophlebiidae de 21 para 25. Agora, a Bahia é um dos estados com o maior número de registros de espécies de Leptophlebiidae, atrás apenas do estado do Espírito Santo com 26 espécies desta família.

Palavras-chave:
Neotropical; Nordeste; Check List

Introduction

The family Leptophlebiidae composes the most diverse group of Ephemeroptera on Neotropical region, with wide distribution and greater diversity in the Southern Hemisphere (Domínguez et al. 2006DOMÍNGUEZ, E., MOLINERI, C., PESCADOR, M. L., HUBBARD, M.D. & NIETO, C. 2006. Ephemeroptera of South America. v. 2. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow.). In South America, the family is represented by 43 genera and 168 species, all belonging to the subfamily Atalophlebiinae and Terpidinae (Domínguez et al. 2013DOMÍNGUEZ, E., C. MOLINERI, C. NIETO, M.D. HUBBARD, M. PESCADOR, M. C. ZÚÑIGA. Checklist of South American species of Ephemeroptera (updated 23rd May, 2013), Salles et al. 2017SALLES, F.F, MASSARIOL, F.C., BOLDRINI, R., RAIMUNIDI, E.A., ANGELI, K.B. & SOUTO, P. 2017. Ephemeroptera do Brasil. http://ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed: 07 jul 2017).
http://ephemeroptera.com.br/...
). Among the genera described for South America, 26 of them are recorded in Brazil, being Miroculis Edmunds and Thraulodes Ulmer, the most representative genera in the country in number of described species (Lopes et al. 2007LOPES, M.J.N., RIBEIRO, J.M.F. & PEIRO, D.F. 2007. Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) da Amazônia Brasileira. Acta Amazonica 37, 139-146., Salles et al. 2017SALLES, F.F, MASSARIOL, F.C., BOLDRINI, R., RAIMUNIDI, E.A., ANGELI, K.B. & SOUTO, P. 2017. Ephemeroptera do Brasil. http://ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed: 07 jul 2017).
http://ephemeroptera.com.br/...
).

There are 95 species of Leptophlebiidae recorded in Brazil, but in state of Bahia there is only 21 species (Campos et al. 2016CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2016. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Bahia, Brazil. Aquatic Insects 37(4): 303-315., Campos et al. 2017CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2017. Ephemeroptera: espécies do semi-árido. In: Bravo, F. Ártropodes do semi-árido II: Biodiversidade e Conservação. 1. ed. – São Paulo: Métis Produção Editorial., Salles et al. 2017SALLES, F.F, MASSARIOL, F.C., BOLDRINI, R., RAIMUNIDI, E.A., ANGELI, K.B. & SOUTO, P. 2017. Ephemeroptera do Brasil. http://ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed: 07 jul 2017).
http://ephemeroptera.com.br/...
): Askola emmerichiDomínguez, Molineri & Mariano, 2009DOMÍNGUEZ, E., MOLINERI, C. & MARIANO, R. 2009. Revision of the South American species of Hagenulopsis Ulmer and Askola Peters (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) with description of six new species. Zootaxa 2142: 29-44.; Farrodes cariocaDomínguez, Molineri & Peters, 1996DOMÍNGUEZ, E., MOLINERI, C. & PETERS, W.L. 1996. Ephemeroptera from Central and South America: New species of the Farrodes bimaculatus group with a key for the males. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna. E. 31: 87-101.; F. tepuiDomínguez Molineri & Peters, 1996DOMÍNGUEZ, E., MOLINERI, C. & PETERS, W.L. 1996. Ephemeroptera from Central and South America: New species of the Farrodes bimaculatus group with a key for the males. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna. E. 31: 87-101.; Fittkaulus maculatusSavage & Peters, 1978SAVAGE, H.M & PETERS, W.L. 1978. Fittkaulus maculatus, a new genus and species from northern Brazil (Leptophlebiidae: Ephemeroptera). Acta Amazonica, 8, 293-298; Hagenulopsis minuta Spieth, 1943; Hermanella angeli Almeida, Costa & Mariano, 2016; Hermanella mazama (Nascimento, Mariano & Salles, 2012); Hydrosmilodon gilliesaeThomas & Péru, 2004THOMAS, A., BOUTONNET, J., PÉRU, N. & HOREAU, V. 2004. Les éphémères de la Guyane Française. 9. Descriptions d' Hydrosmilodon gilliesae n. sp. et d' H. mikei n. sp. (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). Ephemera (2002) 4, 65-80.; Hylister plaumanniDomínguez & Flowers, 1989DOMÍNGUEZ, E. & FLOWERS, W. 1989. A revision of Hermanella and related genera (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from subtropical South America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82: 555-573.; Massartella brieni (Lestage, 1924LESTAGE, J.A. 1924. Atalophlebia brieni sp. nov. Ephemere nouvelle du Bresil. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Bel. 64:21-24.); Miroculis (Miroculis) fittkauiSavage & Peters, 1983SAVAGE, H.M & PETERS, W.L. 1983. Systematics of Miroculis and related genera from northern South America (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). T. Am. Entomol. Soc. 108: 491-600.; Needhamella ehrhardti (Ulmer, 1920ULMER, G. 1920. Neue Ephemeropteren. Arch. Für Nat. 85, 1-80.); Paramaka convexa (Spieth, 1943SPIETH, H.T. 1943. Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera. III Some intersting Ephemerids from Surinam and other Neotropical localities. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1244, 13.); Perissophlebiodes flinti (Savage, 1982SAVAGE, H.M. 1982. A curious new genus and species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the southern coastal mountains of Brazil. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna. E. 17, 9.); Simothraulopsis demerara (Traver, 1947TRAVER, J.R. 1947. Notes on Neotropical Mayflies. Part II. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Rev. Ent. 18, 12.); S. diamantinensis Mariano, 2010; S. janae Mariano, 2010; Thraulodes luizgonzagai Lima et al., 2013; Ulmeritoides angelusSouto et al., 2016SOUTO, P.M., DA-SILVA, E.R. NESSIMIAN, J.L. & GONÇALVES, C.R. 2016. Two new species of Ulmeritoides Traver (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4078 (1): 127-136.; Ulmeritoides flavopedes (Spieth, 1943SPIETH, H.T. 1943. Taxonomic studies on the Ephemeroptera. III Some intersting Ephemerids from Surinam and other Neotropical localities. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1244, 13.) and Ulmeritus saopaulensis (Traver, 1946TRAVER, J.R. 1946. Notes on Neotropical mayflies. Part I. Family Baetidae, subfamily Leptophlebiinae. Rev. Ent. 17(3): 418-436.).

Due to the importance of the family in relation to ecology, conservation of aquatic environments and considering the limited knowledge of the taxonomy of the group in Bahia, this study aims to present an inventory of the fauna the family Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera: Insecta) in state of Bahia.

Studies involving the diversity of aquatic insects are important for biodiversity. The Ephemeroptera distribution and diversity knowledge in Brazil are still incipient as well discussed by some authors (Mariano and Polegatto 2011, Lima et al. 2010LIMA, L.R.C., SALLES, F.F., PINHEIRO, U.S. & QUINTO, E. 2010. Espécies de Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) do Sul da Bahia, com Descrição de uma Nova Espécie de Paracloeodes Day. Neot. Entomol., 39 (5): 725-731., Salles et al. 2014, Campos et al. 2016CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2016. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Bahia, Brazil. Aquatic Insects 37(4): 303-315.). This occurs not just in mayflies but also in others groups of aquatic insects such as Trichoptera (Calor 2011) and Plecoptera (Froehlich 2011). Most of this gap probably is due the few projects developed in the Northeast region, as well as the lack of specific groups of researchers in this region. This work shows that there is a lot to be done since of all the previously registered Leptophlebiidae species for the State of Bahia, only four of them were described with material collected from the state (H. angeli, T. luizgonzagai, S. diamantinensis and S. janae).

Material and Methods

The material examined was obtained between 2008 and 2016 in 23 municipalities from state of Bahia, Brazil. All material is deposited in the collection of the Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos from Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, State of Bahia, Brazil (LOA/UESC). The nymphs were collected using D-shaped nets and the adults were collected with light trap and light pan trap (Calor & Mariano 2012CALOR, A.R. & MARIANO, R. 2012. UV Light Pan Traps for Collecting Aquatic Insects. EntomoBrasilis 5 (2): 164-166.), then all material was preserved in ethyl alcohol 80%. Male legs, genitalia and nymphal parts were dissected and mounted in Euparal; wings were mounted dry. The identification of the species were based according to Domínguez et al. 2006 and other specific papers.

The samples were made in lentic and lotic environments, in different substrates (litter deposited in the bottom of the bed, litter retained in areas of stream, sand, stone and roots). When possible, some nymphs were reared in the field with the aim to obtain the subimago stage and later the imago for possible associations between it. The collections had SISBIO Authorization number 24195-1.

1. Study area

The State of Bahia (Figure 1) is located in the northeastern region of Brazil, covering an area of 564,692,669 km2, thus the largest State in the territorial extension of the Northeast region and approximately 7% of the national territory. The state presents three biomes: Atlantic Forest and Savanna (Cerrado and Caatinga), as well as the Coastal Zone, with its ecosystems that are repeated all along the coast. The vegetation is distinguished by a great diversity of ecosystems, rupestrian fields, mangrove, transition areas, as well as seasonal forests and ecosystems such as: beaches and mangroves. The study was carried out in the State of Bahia in the municipalities listed in Table 1. There were 43 collection points between varied water bodies, i.e. streams, rivers and waterfalls (Figure 2). (SEI 2017SEI - Superintendência de Estudos Econômicos e Sociais da Bahia. Municípios em Síntese. Electronic Database accessible at http://www.sei.ba.gov.br. (Accessed on 14 jul 2017).
http://www.sei.ba.gov.br...
).

Figure 1
Sampling sites in the State of Bahia region where Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) species were collected.
Table 1
Sample sites (P) at state of Bahia, Brazil, followed by county, location, date, coordinates and collectors. (PESC= Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru; PNCD= Parque Nacional da Chapada Diamantina; RPPN= Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural; REM= Reserva Ecológica da Michelin; LEAq: Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática; LOA: Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos).
Figure 2
A - Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru (P42); C - Riacho da Mandiroba (P38).

Results and Discussion

After the compilation of species records for the State (Da-Silva 1992DA-SILVA, E.R. 1992. Descripition of the nymph of Homoeuneuria (Notochora) fittkaui Pescador e Peters, 1980 from northeastern Brazil (Ephemeroptera, Oligoneuridae, Oligoneuriinae). Rev. Bras. de Entom. 36(3): 693-696.; Da-Silva, Salles & Polegatto 2008DA - SILVA, E.R., F.F. SALLES & POLEGATTO, C. M. 2009 Perissophlebiodes flinti (Savage, 1982). In: Machado, A.B.M.; Drummond, G.M.; Paglia, A.P.(Org.). Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção. 1ed.Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente, 2009, v. 1, p. 379-380.; Lima et al. 2012LIMA, L.R.C., NASCIMENTO, J.M.C., MARIANO, R., PINHEIRO, U.S. & SALLES, F.F. 2012. New species and new records of Hermanella complex (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Eastern Brazilian Coast. Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim. 48: 201-213.; Mariano & Costa 2014MARIANO, R. & COSTA, S.S. Ephemeroptera do Semiárido. In: Bravo, F & Calor, A. Artrópodes do Semiárido: biodiversidade e conservação, Feira de Santana: Printmídia, 2014.; Almeida et al. 2016ALMEIDA, E., COSTA, S. & MARIANO, R. 2016. A new species of the genus Hermanella Needham & Murphy (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4078: 121-126.; Campos et al. 2016CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2016. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Bahia, Brazil. Aquatic Insects 37(4): 303-315.; Lima et al. 2016LIMA, L; KNAPP, W. & DOCIO, L. 2016. New records of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Entomotropica 31(25): 212-220.; Campos et al. 2017CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2017. Ephemeroptera: espécies do semi-árido. In: Bravo, F. Ártropodes do semi-árido II: Biodiversidade e Conservação. 1. ed. – São Paulo: Métis Produção Editorial., Salles et al. 2017SALLES, F.F, MASSARIOL, F.C., BOLDRINI, R., RAIMUNIDI, E.A., ANGELI, K.B. & SOUTO, P. 2017. Ephemeroptera do Brasil. http://ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed: 07 jul 2017).
http://ephemeroptera.com.br/...
) and the material deposited at MZUESC, a table with all the occurrence and new records of mayfly species from state Bahia is provided below (Table 2). For each species we list the data of geographical distribution and the reference.

Table 2
List of species of Leptophlebiidae from in state of Bahia, Northeast region, Brazil, followed by sites, previously records and references. * Askola sp. 1 was recorded in three differents localities, Santa Terezinha (Costa & Mariano 2014), Igrapiúna (Campos et al. 2016CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2016. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) from Reserva Ecológica Michelin, Bahia, Brazil. Aquatic Insects 37(4): 303-315.) and Catolés (Campos et al. 2017CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2017. Ephemeroptera: espécies do semi-árido. In: Bravo, F. Ártropodes do semi-árido II: Biodiversidade e Conservação. 1. ed. – São Paulo: Métis Produção Editorial.).

A total of 5.746 specimens from the 43 sites were collected, distributed in 16 genera and 40 species of Leptophlebiidae were founded on this work (Table 2.). From these 40 morphotypes, 25 were identified in species and 10 identified in morphotypes because we are not able to determine the species, mostly because of the undescribed stage of some Leptophlebiidae species. Besides there are four new species in process of description. The new records are: Fittkaulus cururuensis, Hylister obliquus, Miroculis (Atroari) duckensis, and Miroculis (Ommaethus) froehlichi. Four new species are in description process, i.e. Miroculis (Miroculis) sp. nov., Needhamella sp. nov., Paramaka sp. nov. and Ulmeritoides sp. nov.. Now, Bahia has 25 species of Leptohlebiidae and is one of the states with the largest number of Leptophlebiidae species records, together with the state of Espírito Santos which has 26 species of Leptophlebiidae (Salles et al. 2017SALLES, F.F, MASSARIOL, F.C., BOLDRINI, R., RAIMUNIDI, E.A., ANGELI, K.B. & SOUTO, P. 2017. Ephemeroptera do Brasil. http://ephemeroptera.com.br/ (accessed: 07 jul 2017).
http://ephemeroptera.com.br/...
).

Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC, proc.00220.1100.1265 and proc.00220.1100.1685), FAPESB (proc.0002/2009), CNPq (proc.474789/2011-0) and FAPESP (BIOTA Program). We also thank the companies BAMIN and EMBASA for access to private locations.

References

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  • CAMPOS, R., MARIANO, R. & CALOR, A.R. 2017. Ephemeroptera: espécies do semi-árido. In: Bravo, F. Ártropodes do semi-árido II: Biodiversidade e Conservação. 1. ed. – São Paulo: Métis Produção Editorial.
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Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    2018

History

  • Received
    25 May 2017
  • Reviewed
    16 Oct 2017
  • Accepted
    23 Dec 2017
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