Records of chironomidae larvae living on other aquatic animals in Brazil

Roque, Fabio de Oliveira; Trivinho-Strixino, Susana; Jancso, Mário; Fragoso, Evelise N.

doi:10.1590/S1676-06032004000200018

Abstracts

In this study, we report forty-nine cases of Chironomidae larvae living on other animals in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems, including a wide range of hosts, such as hydrozoans, snails, insects and fish. We also discuss some empirical difficulties to establish the ecological interactions between chironomids and their hosts.

Chironomidae; aquatic insects; mollusks; fish; ecological interaction; hosts

Neste estudo nós reportamos 49 ocorrências de larvas de Chironomidae vivendo sobre o corpo de outros organismos aquáticos, tais como hidrozoários, moluscos, insetos e peixes, em ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Nós também discutimos algumas dificuldades práticas para se estabelecer o tipo de interação ecológica entre Chironomidae e seus hospedeiros.

Chironomidae; insetos aquáticos; moluscos; interações ecológicas; hospedeiros

Records of chironomidae larvae living on other aquatic animals in Brazil

Fabio de Oliveira Roque*, Susana Trivinho-Strixino, Mário Jancso**, Evelise N. Fragoso

Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática / Depto de Hidrobiologia / UFSCar, SP, Brasil, CEP: 13565-905, Cx. Postal 676. 3. Phone: 16-2608316.* Corresponding author. E-mail address: pfor@iris.ufscar.br ** Cientistas Associados. Ltda.

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report forty-nine cases of Chironomidae larvae living on other animals in Brazilian aquatic ecosystems, including a wide range of hosts, such as hydrozoans, snails, insects and fish. We also discuss some empirical difficulties to establish the ecological interactions between chironomids and their hosts.

Key words: Chironomidae, aquatic insects, mollusks, fish, ecological interaction, hosts

RESUMO

Neste estudo nós reportamos 49 ocorrências de larvas de Chironomidae vivendo sobre o corpo de outros organismos aquáticos, tais como hidrozoários, moluscos, insetos e peixes, em ambientes aquáticos brasileiros. Nós também discutimos algumas dificuldades práticas para se estabelecer o tipo de interação ecológica entre Chironomidae e seus hospedeiros.

Palavras-chave: Chironomidae, insetos aquáticos, moluscos, interações ecológicas, hospedeiros

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Date Received 03/16/2004

Revised 08/26/2004

Accepted 09/08/2004

ISSN 1676-0611

1.ABRAMS, P.A. 1987. On classifying interactions between populations. Oecologia (Berlin) 73:272-281.
2.ASHE, P. & OCONNOR, J.P. 2002. A review of the known associations, commensal, phoretic and ectoparasitic, involving the aquatic stages of Chironomidae with Trichoptera. Nova Supp. Ent. 15:467-480.
3.BRONSTEIN, J.L. 2001. The exploitation of mutualisms. Ecology Letters 4:277-287.
4.CALDWELL, B.A. & WIERSEMA, N.A. 2002. New record and observation for parasitic chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their mayflies (Ephemeroptera) hosts. Entomol. News 113:11-14.
5.CALLISTO, M. & GOULART, M.D.C. 2000. Phoretic association between Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp. (Chironomidae: Diptera) and Thraulodes sp. (Lepptophlebiidae: Ephemeptera). An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil. 29:605-608.
6.CALLISTO, M., GOULART, M., MORENO, P. & MARTINS, R.P. (in press). Predator benefits prey: phoresy between cf Corynoneura (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). J. Insect Behav. 45.
7.CONDREANU, R. 1939. Recherches biologiques sur um Chironomidae, Symbiocladius rhithrogenae (Zavr.), ectoparasite cancérigéne des Éphéméres torrenticoles. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 81:1-283.
8.DE LA ROSA, C.L. 1992. Phoretic associations of Chironomidae (Diptera) on Corydalidae (Megaloptera) in northewestern Costa Rican streams. J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 11:316-323.
9.DORVILLÉ, L.F.M., NESSIMIAN, J.L. & SANSEVERINO, A.M. 2000. First record of S symphoresy between nymphs of stonefly Kempya tijucana (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and chironomid larvae, Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp., in the Neotropics. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 35:109-114.
10.DOUCETT, R.R., GIBERSON, D.J. & POWER, G. 1999: Parasitic association of Nanocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Pteronarcys biloba (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae): insights from stable-isotope analysis. J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 18:514-523.
11.EPLER, J.H. 1986. A novel new Neotropical Nanocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae), symphoretic on Traverella (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Fla. Entomol. 69:319-327.
12.EPLER, J.H. & DE LA ROSA, C.L. 1995: Tempisquitoneura, a new genus of Neotropical Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) symphoretic on Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 14:50-60.
13.FERREIRA-PERUQUETTI, P. & TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. 2003. Relação forética entre espécies de Chironomidae e Odonata do Estado de São Paulo. Entomotropica 18:149-151.
14.FITTKAU, E.J. 1974. Ichtiocladius n. gen., eine neotropische Gattung der Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae, Diptera) deren Larven epizoisch auf Welsen (astroblepidae und Loricariidae) Leben. Ent. Tidskr. Suppl. 95:91-106.
15.FRAGOSO, E.N., ROQUE, F.O., SOUZA, J.E., JANCSO, M.A., FENERICH-VERANI, N. & TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. 2003. Relação de forese entre Icthyocladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) e cascudos (Pisces, Siluriformes) na microbacia do córrego da Lapa, Ipeúna/Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo. XV Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia (EBI), São Paulo. Resumos em CD-ROM. p.108.
16.FREIHOFER, W. & NEIL, E.H. 1967. Commensalism between midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and catfishes of the families Astoblepidae and Loricariidae. Copeia 1:39-45.
17.GONSER, T. & SPIES, M. 1997. Southern hemisphere Symbiocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their mayfly hosts (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). In: Landolt P P, Sartoni M. (eds). Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera: biology-ecology-systematics. MTL, Fribourg. p.455-466.
18.JACOBSEN, R.E. 1995: Symbiotic associations between Chironomidae (Diptera) and Ephemeroptera. In: Corkum LD, Ciborowski JJH (eds.). Current directions in research on Ephemeroptera.. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto, p.317-332.
19.KAWANABE, H. & IWASAKI, K. 1993. Introduction: flexibility and synergism of biological relationships in natural communities. In: Kawanabe H, Cohen JE (eds). Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford Science Publications, p.1-10.
20.MATSUDA, H. & SHIMADA, M. 1993. Cost-benefit model for the evolution of symbiosis. In: Kawanabe H, Cohen JE (eds). Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford Science Publications, p. 228-237.
21.MENDES, H., ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O. (2004): New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura-group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 39:15-35.
22.NESSIMIAN, J. L., AMORIM, R. M., HENRIQUESOLIVEIRA, A. L. & SANSEVERINO, A. M. 2003. Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: levantamento dos gêneros e hábitats de ocorrência. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac. 98:3-16.
23.PECKARSKY, B.L. & COWAN, C.A. 1991. Consequences of larval intraspecific competition to stonefly growth and fecundity. Oecologia 88:277-288.
24.PENNUTO, C.M. 1998. Seasonal position patterns and fate of a commensal chironomid on its fishfly host. J. Freshwater Ecol. 13:323-332.
25.PENNUTO, C.M. 2000. Effects of larval movement behavior and density on emergence success and adult body size in a commensal midge. Aquatic Ecology 34:177-184.
26.PINDER, L.C.V. 1986. Biology of freshwater Chironomidae. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31:1-23.
27.ROBACK, S.S. 1977. First record of a chironomid larva living phoretically on an aquatic hemipteran (Naucoridae). Entomol. News 88:192.
28.SAFFO, M.B. 1992. Invertebrates in endosymbiotic associations. Am. Zool. 32:557-565.
29.SAZIMA, I., BUCK, S. & SABINO, J. 2001. Peixes de riachos. In: Fundação Florestal, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, Governo do Estado de São Paulo (eds). Intervales. São Paulo. p.169-179.
30.STEFFAN, A.W. 1967. Ectosysmbiosis in aquatic insects. In: Henry S.M (ed). Symbiosis. Academic Press, New York and London. p.207-289.
31.SVENSSON, B.S. 1980. The effect of host density on the success of commensalistic Epoicocladius flavens (Chironomidae) in utilizing streamliving Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera). Oikos 34:326-336.
32.TOKESHI, M. 1993. On the evolution of commensalism in the Chironomidae. Freshwater Biol. 29:481-489.
33.TOKESHI, M. 1995. Species interactions and community structure. In: Armitage PD, Cranston PS, Pinder LCV (eds). Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman & Hall, London, p.297-335.
34.TOKESHI, M. 1999. Species coexistence: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Blackwell Science. Oxford.
35.VILELLA, F.S., RODRIGUES, G.G., BARBIERI, G. & HARTZ, S.M. 2002. Forese como estratégia adaptativa da comunidade bentônica ao longo de um riacho de 1ª ordem na Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos.
36.WHITE, T.R., WEAVER, III J.S. & FOX, R.C. 1980. Phoretic relationships between Chironomidae (Diptera) and benthic macroinvertebrates. Entomol. News 9:69-74.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
07 June 2013
Date of issue
2004

History

Reviewed
26 Aug 2004
Received
16 Mar 2004
Accepted
08 Sept 2004

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1.ABRAMS, P.A. 1987. On classifying interactions between populations. Oecologia (Berlin) 73:272-281.

[2] 2.ASHE, P. & OCONNOR, J.P. 2002. A review of the known associations, commensal, phoretic and ectoparasitic, involving the aquatic stages of Chironomidae with Trichoptera. Nova Supp. Ent. 15:467-480.

[3] 3.BRONSTEIN, J.L. 2001. The exploitation of mutualisms. Ecology Letters 4:277-287.

[4] 4.CALDWELL, B.A. & WIERSEMA, N.A. 2002. New record and observation for parasitic chironomid midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their mayflies (Ephemeroptera) hosts. Entomol. News 113:11-14.

[5] 5.CALLISTO, M. & GOULART, M.D.C. 2000. Phoretic association between Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp. (Chironomidae: Diptera) and Thraulodes sp. (Lepptophlebiidae: Ephemeptera). An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil. 29:605-608.

[6] 6.CALLISTO, M., GOULART, M., MORENO, P. & MARTINS, R.P. (in press). Predator benefits prey: phoresy between cf Corynoneura (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). J. Insect Behav. 45.

[7] 7.CONDREANU, R. 1939. Recherches biologiques sur um Chironomidae, Symbiocladius rhithrogenae (Zavr.), ectoparasite cancérigéne des Éphéméres torrenticoles. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 81:1-283.

[8] 8.DE LA ROSA, C.L. 1992. Phoretic associations of Chironomidae (Diptera) on Corydalidae (Megaloptera) in northewestern Costa Rican streams. J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 11:316-323.

[9] 9.DORVILLÉ, L.F.M., NESSIMIAN, J.L. & SANSEVERINO, A.M. 2000. First record of S symphoresy between nymphs of stonefly Kempya tijucana (Plecoptera, Perlidae) and chironomid larvae, Nanocladius (Plecopteracoluthus) sp., in the Neotropics. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 35:109-114.

[10] 10.DOUCETT, R.R., GIBERSON, D.J. & POWER, G. 1999: Parasitic association of Nanocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and Pteronarcys biloba (Plecoptera: Pteronarcyidae): insights from stable-isotope analysis. J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 18:514-523.

[11] 11.EPLER, J.H. 1986. A novel new Neotropical Nanocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae), symphoretic on Traverella (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Fla. Entomol. 69:319-327.

[12] 12.EPLER, J.H. & DE LA ROSA, C.L. 1995: Tempisquitoneura, a new genus of Neotropical Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) symphoretic on Corydalus (Megaloptera: Corydalidae). J. North. Am. Benthol. Soc. 14:50-60.

[13] 13.FERREIRA-PERUQUETTI, P. & TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. 2003. Relação forética entre espécies de Chironomidae e Odonata do Estado de São Paulo. Entomotropica 18:149-151.

[14] 14.FITTKAU, E.J. 1974. Ichtiocladius n. gen., eine neotropische Gattung der Orthocladiinae (Chironomidae, Diptera) deren Larven epizoisch auf Welsen (astroblepidae und Loricariidae) Leben. Ent. Tidskr. Suppl. 95:91-106.

[15] 15.FRAGOSO, E.N., ROQUE, F.O., SOUZA, J.E., JANCSO, M.A., FENERICH-VERANI, N. & TRIVINHO-STRIXINO, S. 2003. Relação de forese entre Icthyocladius (Diptera, Chironomidae) e cascudos (Pisces, Siluriformes) na microbacia do córrego da Lapa, Ipeúna/Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo. XV Encontro Brasileiro de Ictiologia (EBI), São Paulo. Resumos em CD-ROM. p.108.

[16] 16.FREIHOFER, W. & NEIL, E.H. 1967. Commensalism between midge larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) and catfishes of the families Astoblepidae and Loricariidae. Copeia 1:39-45.

[17] 17.GONSER, T. & SPIES, M. 1997. Southern hemisphere Symbiocladius (Diptera: Chironomidae) and their mayfly hosts (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). In: Landolt P P, Sartoni M. (eds). Ephemeroptera & Plecoptera: biology-ecology-systematics. MTL, Fribourg. p.455-466.

[18] 18.JACOBSEN, R.E. 1995: Symbiotic associations between Chironomidae (Diptera) and Ephemeroptera. In: Corkum LD, Ciborowski JJH (eds.). Current directions in research on Ephemeroptera.. Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto, p.317-332.

[19] 19.KAWANABE, H. & IWASAKI, K. 1993. Introduction: flexibility and synergism of biological relationships in natural communities. In: Kawanabe H, Cohen JE (eds). Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford Science Publications, p.1-10.

[20] 20.MATSUDA, H. & SHIMADA, M. 1993. Cost-benefit model for the evolution of symbiosis. In: Kawanabe H, Cohen JE (eds). Mutualism and community organization: behavioral, theoretical and food-web approaches. Oxford Science Publications, p. 228-237.

[21] 21.MENDES, H., ANDERSEN, T. & SÆTHER, O. (2004): New species of Ichthyocladius Fittkau, a member of the Corynoneura-group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae), with a review of the genus. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 39:15-35.

[22] 22.NESSIMIAN, J. L., AMORIM, R. M., HENRIQUESOLIVEIRA, A. L. & SANSEVERINO, A. M. 2003. Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado do Rio de Janeiro: levantamento dos gêneros e hábitats de ocorrência. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac. 98:3-16.

[23] 23.PECKARSKY, B.L. & COWAN, C.A. 1991. Consequences of larval intraspecific competition to stonefly growth and fecundity. Oecologia 88:277-288.

[24] 24.PENNUTO, C.M. 1998. Seasonal position patterns and fate of a commensal chironomid on its fishfly host. J. Freshwater Ecol. 13:323-332.

[25] 25.PENNUTO, C.M. 2000. Effects of larval movement behavior and density on emergence success and adult body size in a commensal midge. Aquatic Ecology 34:177-184.

[26] 26.PINDER, L.C.V. 1986. Biology of freshwater Chironomidae. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31:1-23.

[27] 27.ROBACK, S.S. 1977. First record of a chironomid larva living phoretically on an aquatic hemipteran (Naucoridae). Entomol. News 88:192.

[28] 28.SAFFO, M.B. 1992. Invertebrates in endosymbiotic associations. Am. Zool. 32:557-565.

[29] 29.SAZIMA, I., BUCK, S. & SABINO, J. 2001. Peixes de riachos. In: Fundação Florestal, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, Governo do Estado de São Paulo (eds). Intervales. São Paulo. p.169-179.

[30] 30.STEFFAN, A.W. 1967. Ectosysmbiosis in aquatic insects. In: Henry S.M (ed). Symbiosis. Academic Press, New York and London. p.207-289.

[31] 31.SVENSSON, B.S. 1980. The effect of host density on the success of commensalistic Epoicocladius flavens (Chironomidae) in utilizing streamliving Ephemera danica (Ephemeroptera). Oikos 34:326-336.

[32] 32.TOKESHI, M. 1993. On the evolution of commensalism in the Chironomidae. Freshwater Biol. 29:481-489.

[33] 33.TOKESHI, M. 1995. Species interactions and community structure. In: Armitage PD, Cranston PS, Pinder LCV (eds). Biology and ecology of non-biting midges. Chapman & Hall, London, p.297-335.

[34] 34.TOKESHI, M. 1999. Species coexistence: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Blackwell Science. Oxford.

[35] 35.VILELLA, F.S., RODRIGUES, G.G., BARBIERI, G. & HARTZ, S.M. 2002. Forese como estratégia adaptativa da comunidade bentônica ao longo de um riacho de 1ª ordem na Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos.

[36] 36.WHITE, T.R., WEAVER, III J.S. & FOX, R.C. 1980. Phoretic relationships between Chironomidae (Diptera) and benthic macroinvertebrates. Entomol. News 9:69-74.